Applying graph theory to find key leverage points in the transition toward urban renewable energy systems

This article employs graph theory to quantitatively analyze the causal loop diagrams, focusing on the transition to decentralized renewable energy markets and identifying key variables acting as initiators and reinforcers of this transition. The study utilizes a combination of qualitative diagramming (CLD), SWOT analysis, and graph theory, offering a robust methodology applicable not only to energy planning but across diverse domains. Key findings highlight the significance of profit-driven and investment-based approaches, in tandem with political will and strategic planning, in integrating decentralized renewable energy systems. Some variables, consistently present across the top ten graph-based measures, serve as critical leverage points, including “Need for decentralized solutions” (in 6 out of 10 measures), “Profit” (5 out of 10), “Technological progress” (5 out of 10), “Consumers interest in decentralized solutions” (5 out of 10), and “Climate change” (5 out of 10). Moreover, the willingness of customers to engage in the energy market and urban planning's role in energy consumption patterns was found pivotal. This presented approach offers valuable insights and encourages a holistic reevaluation of urban systems, providing stakeholders with a comprehensive tool to inform decision-making practices. The research underscores the importance of well-established factors and unveils specific nuances in the transition to decentralized renewable energy.