Multi-stage resilient operation strategy of urban electric–gas system against rainstorms

This paper proposes a multi-stage resilient operation strategy for an urban electric–gas system (UEGS) considering the impact of traffic under rainstorms. It guarantees that the defense budget in pre-disaster hardening can be assigned to cope with the worst scenario and that the load supply can be restored as soon as possible. For pre-disaster hardening, a more realistic multi-stage robust model (MSRM) of UEGS under rainstorms is proposed to accommodate the randomness and continuity of rainstorms. After transforming MSRM into the two-stage robust (TSR) form, the nested column-and-constraint generation (C&CG) method is applied for model solving, which is a mixed integer linear program with the min–max–min form. For the unacceptable computing time of the nested C&CG method in solving the equivalent TSR, a simplification is proposed using the sliding time window to provide defense priority for allocating the defense budget in pre-disaster hardening with a reduced calculation burden. In the recovery of UEGS, the traveling salesman problem model of repair crews routing with real-time traversal path information is proposed to meet the modeling demand of multi-period attacks and waterlogging on paths caused by rainstorms. Case studies on the two test systems validate the effectiveness of the proposed method and demonstrate the support of the gas distribution network to the power distribution network in rainstorm attacks.