IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v342y2023ics0306261923005160.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Development of a novel grid-free district cooling system considering blockchain-based demand response management

Author

Listed:
  • Huang, Z.F.
  • Soh, K.Y.
  • Islam, M.R.
  • Chua, K.J.

Abstract

District cooling system (DCS) enjoys improved cooling efficiency due to economies of scale cooling. However, most DCSs import electricity from the power grid, intensifying the electricity peak and grid investments. In addition, improving environmental sustainability is one of the major targets of DCSs. This study proposes a novel grid-free configuration to decouple the DCS from the power grid and natural gas networks. Meanwhile, an alternative operating strategy, waste cold energy recovery, ice storage, and cooling demand response are employed to promote the environmental sustainability of the DCS. Key results from this study have revealed that the proposed DCS does not need to import electricity from the power grid and facilitates a flexible plant location without the limitation of the natural gas network. Under the basic configuration, the daily primary energy saving rate (PESR) and energy cost saving rate (ECSR) can achieve 22.4% and 62.8%, respectively. The alternative operating strategy enhances the system’s part-load performance while the cold energy recovery unit facilitates extra cooling production. Further, the incorporation of the ice storage module improves the system’s average load rate and reduces the chillers' capacity. Finally, the blockchain-based decentralized network provides a trusted platform for implementing cooling demand response. Cooling demand response mitigates the cooling peak and total cooling consumption by precooling the space and adjusting the indoor set-point temperature in terms of the overall cooling load rate. Adopting these sustainable technologies yields the daily PESR and ECSR up to 35.2% and 68.9%, respectively.

Suggested Citation

  • Huang, Z.F. & Soh, K.Y. & Islam, M.R. & Chua, K.J., 2023. "Development of a novel grid-free district cooling system considering blockchain-based demand response management," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 342(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:342:y:2023:i:c:s0306261923005160
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121152
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261923005160
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121152?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yang, Qing & Wang, Hao & Wang, Taotao & Zhang, Shengli & Wu, Xiaoxiao & Wang, Hui, 2021. "Blockchain-based decentralized energy management platform for residential distributed energy resources in a virtual power plant," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).
    2. Ghersi, Djamal Eddine & Amoura, Meriem & Loubar, Khaled & Desideri, Umberto & Tazerout, Mohand, 2021. "Multi-objective optimization of CCHP system with hybrid chiller under new electric load following operation strategy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C).
    3. Gang, Wenjie & Wang, Shengwei & Xiao, Fu & Gao, Dian-ce, 2016. "District cooling systems: Technology integration, system optimization, challenges and opportunities for applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 253-264.
    4. Jannatabadi, Mohsen & Rahbari, Hamid Reza & Arabkoohsar, Ahmad, 2021. "District cooling systems in Iranian energy matrix, a techno-economic analysis of a reliable solution for a serious challenge," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 214(C).
    5. Ibarra, Mercedes & Rovira, Antonio & Alarcón-Padilla, Diego-César & Blanco, Julián, 2014. "Performance of a 5kWe Organic Rankine Cycle at part-load operation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 147-158.
    6. Huang, Z.F. & Wan, Y.D. & Soh, K.Y. & Islam, M.R. & Chua, K.J., 2022. "Off-design and flexibility analyses of combined cooling and power based liquified natural gas (LNG) cold energy utilization system under fluctuating regasification rates," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 310(C).
    7. Noor, Sana & Yang, Wentao & Guo, Miao & van Dam, Koen H. & Wang, Xiaonan, 2018. "Energy Demand Side Management within micro-grid networks enhanced by blockchain," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 1385-1398.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Veerasamy, Veerapandiyan & Hu, Zhijian & Qiu, Haifeng & Murshid, Shadab & Gooi, Hoay Beng & Nguyen, Hung Dinh, 2024. "Blockchain-enabled peer-to-peer energy trading and resilient control of microgrids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 353(PA).
    2. Huang, Z.F. & Chen, W.D. & Wan, Y.D. & Shao, Y.L. & Islam, M.R. & Chua, K.J., 2024. "Techno-economic comparison of different energy storage configurations for renewable energy combined cooling heating and power system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 356(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ioanna Andreoulaki & Aikaterini Papapostolou & Vangelis Marinakis, 2024. "Evaluating the Barriers to Blockchain Adoption in the Energy Sector: A Multicriteria Approach Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process for Group Decision Making," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-27, March.
    2. Alam, Khandoker Shahjahan & Kaif, A.M.A. Daiyan & Das, Sajal K., 2024. "A blockchain-based optimal peer-to-peer energy trading framework for decentralized energy management with in a virtual power plant: Lab scale studies and large scale proposal," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 365(C).
    3. Tieyu Gao & Changwei Liu, 2017. "Off-Design Performances of Subcritical and Supercritical Organic Rankine Cycles in Geothermal Power Systems under an Optimal Control Strategy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-25, August.
    4. Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Werner, Sven & Dyrelund, Anders & Lund, Henrik & Arabkoohsar, Ahmad & Sorknæs, Peter & Gudmundsson, Oddgeir & Thorsen, Jan Eric & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2022. "The four generations of district cooling - A categorization of the development in district cooling from origin to future prospect," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    5. Turki Alsuwian & Aiman Shahid Butt & Arslan Ahmed Amin, 2022. "Smart Grid Cyber Security Enhancement: Challenges and Solutions—A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-21, October.
    6. Liu, Jicheng & Sun, Jiakang & Yuan, Hanying & Su, Yihan & Feng, Shuxian & Lu, Chaoran, 2022. "Behavior analysis of photovoltaic-storage-use value chain game evolution in blockchain environment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    7. Huang, Z.F. & Wan, Y.D. & Soh, K.Y. & Islam, M.R. & Chua, K.J., 2022. "Off-design and flexibility analyses of combined cooling and power based liquified natural gas (LNG) cold energy utilization system under fluctuating regasification rates," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 310(C).
    8. Sergio Cantillo-Luna & Ricardo Moreno-Chuquen & David Celeita & George J. Anders, 2024. "A Stochastic Decision-Making Tool Suite for Distributed Energy Resources Integration in Energy Markets," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-28, May.
    9. Xia, Wanjun & Murshed, Muntasir & Khan, Zeeshan & Chen, Zhenling & Ferraz, Diogo, 2022. "Exploring the nexus between fiscal decentralization and energy poverty for China: Does country risk matter for energy poverty reduction?," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    10. Dániel István Németh & Kálmán Tornai, 2023. "Electrical Load Classification with Open-Set Recognition," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-14, January.
    11. Valerie Eveloy & Dereje S. Ayou, 2019. "Sustainable District Cooling Systems: Status, Challenges, and Future Opportunities, with Emphasis on Cooling-Dominated Regions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-64, January.
    12. Mika Fabricius & Daniel Øland Tarp & Thomas Wehl Rasmussen & Ahmad Arabkoohsar, 2020. "Utilization of Excess Production of Waste-Fired CHP Plants for District Cooling Supply, an Effective Solution for a Serious Challenge," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-21, June.
    13. Byeongtae Ahn, 2022. "Implementation and Early Adoption of an Ethereum-Based Electronic Voting System for the Prevention of Fraudulent Voting," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-16, March.
    14. Rismanchi, B., 2017. "District energy network (DEN), current global status and future development," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 571-579.
    15. Maarten Evens & Patricia Ercoli & Alessia Arteconi, 2023. "Blockchain-Enabled Microgrids: Toward Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading and Flexible Demand Management," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-24, September.
    16. Tang, Hao & Wu, Huagen & Wang, Xiaolin & Xing, Ziwen, 2015. "Performance study of a twin-screw expander used in a geothermal organic Rankine cycle power generator," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(P1), pages 631-642.
    17. Liu, Jia & Chen, Xi & Yang, Hongxing & Li, Yutong, 2020. "Energy storage and management system design optimization for a photovoltaic integrated low-energy building," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
    18. Shengmin Tan & Xu Wang & Chuanwen Jiang, 2019. "Privacy-Preserving Energy Scheduling for ESCOs Based on Energy Blockchain Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-16, April.
    19. Ju, Liwei & Yin, Zhe & Lu, Xiaolong & Yang, Shenbo & Li, Peng & Rao, Rao & Tan, Zhongfu, 2022. "A Tri-dimensional Equilibrium-based stochastic optimal dispatching model for a novel virtual power plant incorporating carbon Capture, Power-to-Gas and electric vehicle aggregator," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 324(C).
    20. Andrea Calvagna & Giovanni Marotta & Giuseppe Pappalardo & Emiliano Tramontana, 2024. "A Blockchain-Based Real-Time Power Balancing Service for Trustless Renewable Energy Grids," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-22, April.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:342:y:2023:i:c:s0306261923005160. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.