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Dynamic modeling and control of a two-reactor metal hydride energy storage system

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  • Krane, Patrick
  • Nash, Austin L.
  • Ziviani, Davide
  • Braun, James E.
  • Marconnet, Amy M.
  • Jain, Neera

Abstract

Metal hydrides have been studied for use in energy storage, hydrogen storage, and air-conditioning (A/C) systems. A common architecture for A/C and energy storage systems is two metal hydride reactors connected to each other so that hydrogen can flow between them, allowing for cyclic use of the hydrogen. This paper presents a nonlinear dynamic model and multivariate control strategy of such a system. Each reactor is modeled as a shell-and-tube heat exchanger connected to a circulating fluid, and a compressor drives hydrogen flow between the reactors. We further develop a linear state–space version of this model integrated with a model predictive controller to determine the fluid mass flow rates and compressor pressure difference required to achieve desired heat transfer rates between the metal hydride and the fluid. A series of case studies demonstrates that this controller can track desired heat transfer rates in each reactor, even in the presence of time-varying circulating fluid inlet temperatures, thereby enabling the use of a two-reactor system for energy storage or integration with a heat pump.

Suggested Citation

  • Krane, Patrick & Nash, Austin L. & Ziviani, Davide & Braun, James E. & Marconnet, Amy M. & Jain, Neera, 2022. "Dynamic modeling and control of a two-reactor metal hydride energy storage system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 325(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:325:y:2022:i:c:s0306261922011059
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119836
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bhogilla, Satya Sekhar, 2021. "Numerical simulation of metal hydride based thermal energy storage system for concentrating solar power plants," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 1013-1020.
    2. Sunku Prasad, J. & Muthukumar, P., 2022. "Design and performance analysis of an annular metal hydride reactor for large-scale hydrogen storage applications," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 1155-1166.
    3. Liu, Yang & Wang, Hongxia & Ayub, Iqra & Yang, Fusheng & Wu, Zhen & Zhang, Zaoxiao, 2021. "A variable cross-section annular fins type metal hydride reactor for improving the phenomenon of inhomogeneous reaction in the thermal energy storage processes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 295(C).
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    Cited by:

    1. Vamsi Krishna Kukkapalli & Sunwoo Kim & Seth A. Thomas, 2023. "Thermal Management Techniques in Metal Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage Applications: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-27, April.
    2. Ruizhe Ran & Jing Wang & Fusheng Yang & Rahmatjan Imin, 2024. "Fast Design and Numerical Simulation of a Metal Hydride Reactor Embedded in a Conventional Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-18, February.

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