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Site demonstration and performance evaluation of MPC for a large chiller plant with TES for renewable energy integration and grid decarbonization

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  • Kim, Donghun
  • Wang, Zhe
  • Brugger, James
  • Blum, David
  • Wetter, Michael
  • Hong, Tianzhen
  • Piette, Mary Ann

Abstract

Thermal energy storage (TES) for a cooling plant is a crucial resource for load flexibility. Traditionally, simple, heuristic control approaches, such as the storage priority control which charges TES during the nighttime and discharges during the daytime, have been widely used in practice, and shown reasonable performance in the past benefiting both the grid and the end-users such as buildings and district energy systems. However, the increasing penetration of renewables changes the situation, exposing the grid to a growing duck curve, which encourages the consumption of more energy in the daytime, and volatile renewable generation which requires dynamic planning. The growing pressure of diminishing greenhouse gas emissions also increases the complexity of cooling TES plant operations as different control strategies may apply to optimize operations for energy cost or carbon emissions. This paper presents a model predictive control (MPC), site demonstration and evaluation results of optimal operation of a chiller plant, TES and behind-meter photovoltaics for a campus-level district cooling system. The MPC was formulated as a mixed-integer linear program for better numerical and control properties. Compared with baseline rule-based controls, the MPC results show reductions of the excess PV power by around 25%, of the greenhouse gas emission by 10%, and of peak electricity demand by 10%.

Suggested Citation

  • Kim, Donghun & Wang, Zhe & Brugger, James & Blum, David & Wetter, Michael & Hong, Tianzhen & Piette, Mary Ann, 2022. "Site demonstration and performance evaluation of MPC for a large chiller plant with TES for renewable energy integration and grid decarbonization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 321(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:321:y:2022:i:c:s0306261922006894
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119343
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Daishi Sagawa & Kenji Tanaka, 2023. "Machine Learning-Based Estimation of COP and Multi-Objective Optimization of Operation Strategy for Heat Source Considering Electricity Cost and On-Site Consumption of Renewable Energy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-26, June.
    3. Muqing Wu & Qingsu He & Yuping Liu & Ziqiang Zhang & Zhongwen Shi & Yifan He, 2022. "Machine Learning Techniques for Decarbonizing and Managing Renewable Energy Grids," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-13, October.
    4. Zhu, Peng & Zheng, J.H. & Li, Zhigang & Wu, Q.H. & Wang, Lixiao, 2024. "Optimal operation for district cooling systems coupled with ice storage units based on the per-unit value form," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).
    5. Deng, Xunhe & Li, Cong & Sun, Xiaohan & Wang, Chengyu & Liu, Baosheng & Li, Yudong & Yang, Haiyue, 2024. "Flame-retardant wood-based composite phase change materials based on PDMS/expanded graphite coating for efficient solar-to-thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 368(C).
    6. Xiao, Tianqi & You, Fengqi, 2024. "Physically consistent deep learning-based day-ahead energy dispatching and thermal comfort control for grid-interactive communities," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 353(PB).
    7. Chen, Qi & Kuang, Zhonghong & Liu, Xiaohua & Zhang, Tao, 2024. "Application-oriented assessment of grid-connected PV-battery system with deep reinforcement learning in buildings considering electricity price dynamics," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 364(C).
    8. Gao, Yuan & Hu, Zehuan & Chen, Wei-An & Liu, Mingzhe, 2024. "Solutions to the insufficiency of label data in renewable energy forecasting: A comparative and integrative analysis of domain adaptation and fine-tuning," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).

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