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Optimal low-level control strategies for a high-performance hybrid electric power unit

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  • Balerna, Camillo
  • Lanzetti, Nicolas
  • Salazar, Mauro
  • Cerofolini, Alberto
  • Onder, Christopher

Abstract

In this paper we present models and optimization algorithms to compute the optimal low-level control strategies for hybrid electric powertrains. Specifically, we study the minimum-fuel operation of a turbocharged internal combustion engine coupled to an electrical energy recovery system, consisting of a battery and two motors connected to the turbocharger and to the wheels, respectively. First, we combine physics-based modeling approaches with neural networks to identify a piecewise affine model of the power unit accounting for the internal dynamics of the engine, and formulate the minimum-fuel control problem for a given driving cycle. Second, we parse the control problem to a mixed-integer linear program that can be solved with off-the-shelf optimization algorithms that guarantee global optimality of the solution. Finally, we validate our model against a high fidelity nonlinear simulator and showcase the presented framework with a case-study for racing applications. Our results show that cylinder deactivation and turbocharger electrification can decrease fuel consumption up to 4% and 8%, respectively.

Suggested Citation

  • Balerna, Camillo & Lanzetti, Nicolas & Salazar, Mauro & Cerofolini, Alberto & Onder, Christopher, 2020. "Optimal low-level control strategies for a high-performance hybrid electric power unit," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:276:y:2020:i:c:s0306261920307601
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115248
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Duhr, Pol & Christodoulou, Grigorios & Balerna, Camillo & Salazar, Mauro & Cerofolini, Alberto & Onder, Christopher H., 2021. "Time-optimal gearshift and energy management strategies for a hybrid electric race car," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(PA).
    2. Fridrichová, K. & Drápal, L. & Vopařil, J. & Dlugoš, J., 2021. "Overview of the potential and limitations of cylinder deactivation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    3. Camillo Balerna & Marc-Philippe Neumann & Nicolò Robuschi & Pol Duhr & Alberto Cerofolini & Vittorio Ravaglioli & Christopher Onder, 2020. "Time-Optimal Low-Level Control and Gearshift Strategies for the Formula 1 Hybrid Electric Powertrain," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-30, December.

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