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Maximizing energy efficiency of islanded micro water-energy nexus using co-optimization of water demand and energy consumption

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  • Moazeni, Faegheh
  • Khazaei, Javad
  • Pera Mendes, Joao Paulo

Abstract

Water and energy systems are interdependent. However, at national and international levels, energy and water systems have been designed individually. To optimize the use of energy resources and have a more sustainable energy processes, a new formulation is proposed in this paper to optimize the energy consumption of water-energy systems at a community scale. More specifically, single-objective, bi-level, and co-optimization models are developed to minimize the energy consumption of a micro water distribution network concerning three scenarios: (1) standalone operation; (2) integrated with a grid-connected micro energy system with no storage unit; and (3) integrated with an off-grid micro energy system with storage units. In all conditions, a mixed integer nonlinear programming formulation is used to solve the optimization problems. Pump operations with varying statuses, flow rates, and speeds are contemplated to formulate the energy consumption of the micro water, considering a quadratic function for the pump’s energy head changing with flow rate. The micro water network is designed based on a diurnal pattern of water demand for a network including 1 reservoir, 1 water tank, 6 nodes, and 2 pumps. The micro energy system includes a microgrid with a combined heat and power plant (CHP), diesel (DS) generator, natural gas (NG) generator, renewable sources (solar and wind), and energy storage units. Several case studies are carried out to compare the performance of developed optimization models.

Suggested Citation

  • Moazeni, Faegheh & Khazaei, Javad & Pera Mendes, Joao Paulo, 2020. "Maximizing energy efficiency of islanded micro water-energy nexus using co-optimization of water demand and energy consumption," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:266:y:2020:i:c:s0306261920303755
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114863
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    2. Moazeni, Faegheh & Khazaei, Javad, 2021. "Optimal energy management of water-energy networks via optimal placement of pumps-as-turbines and demand response through water storage tanks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    3. de Oliveira, Glauber Cardoso & Bertone, Edoardo & Stewart, Rodney A., 2022. "Optimisation modelling tools and solving techniques for integrated precinct-scale energy–water system planning," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 318(C).
    4. Moazeni, Faegheh & Khazaei, Javad, 2021. "Optimal design and operation of an islanded water-energy network including a combined electrodialysis-reverse osmosis desalination unit," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 395-408.
    5. Wang, Xue-Chao & Jiang, Peng & Yang, Lan & Fan, Yee Van & Klemeš, Jiří Jaromír & Wang, Yutao, 2021. "Extended water-energy nexus contribution to environmentally-related sustainable development goals," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    6. Zhang, Wei & Valencia, Andrea & Gu, Lixing & Zheng, Qipeng P. & Chang, Ni-Bin, 2020. "Integrating emerging and existing renewable energy technologies into a community-scale microgrid in an energy-water nexus for resilience improvement," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    7. Carta, José A. & Cabrera, Pedro, 2021. "Optimal sizing of stand-alone wind-powered seawater reverse osmosis plants without use of massive energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).
    8. Moazeni, Faegheh & Khazaei, Javad, 2020. "Dynamic economic dispatch of islanded water-energy microgrids with smart building thermal energy management system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    9. Manuel Parraga & José Vuelvas & Benjamín González-Díaz & Leonardo Rodríguez-Urrego & Arturo Fajardo, 2024. "A Systematic Review of Isolated Water and Energy Microgrids: Infrastructure, Optimization of Management Strategies, and Future Trends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-28, June.
    10. Elsir, Mohamed & Al-Sumaiti, Ameena Saad & El Moursi, Mohamed Shawky & Al-Awami, Ali Taleb, 2023. "Coordinating the day-ahead operation scheduling for demand response and water desalination plants in smart grid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 335(C).
    11. de Oliveira, Glauber Cardoso & Bertone, Edoardo & Stewart, Rodney A., 2022. "Challenges, opportunities, and strategies for undertaking integrated precinct-scale energy–water system planning," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    12. Chen, Chen & Zhang, Xiaodong & Zhang, Huayong & Cai, Yanpeng & Wang, Shuguang, 2022. "Managing water-energy-carbon nexus in integrated regional water network planning through graph theory-based bi-level programming," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 328(C).
    13. Sharma, Santosh & Li, Qifeng, 2024. "Decentralized optimization of energy-water nexus based on a mixed-integer boundary compatible algorithm," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 359(C).
    14. Goodarzi, Mostafa & Li, Qifeng, 2022. "Evaluate the capacity of electricity-driven water facilities in small communities as virtual energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 309(C).
    15. Elena Helerea & Marius D. Calin & Cristian Musuroi, 2023. "Water Energy Nexus and Energy Transition—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-31, February.
    16. Ahmad, Shakeel & Jia, Haifeng & Chen, Zhengxia & Li, Qian & Xu, Changqing, 2020. "Water-energy nexus and energy efficiency: A systematic analysis of urban water systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    17. Moazeni, Faegheh & Khazaei, Javad, 2021. "Co-optimization of wastewater treatment plants interconnected with smart grids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 298(C).

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