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Using the constant properties model for accurate performance estimation of thermoelectric generator elements

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  • Ponnusamy, P.
  • de Boor, J.
  • Müller, E.

Abstract

Thermoelectric devices convert thermal energy directly into electrical energy or vice versa. Analytically, the performance (efficiency and power output) of a thermoelectric generator can be quickly estimated using a Constant Properties Model (CPM) suggested by Ioffe. However, material properties in general are temperature dependent and the CPM can yield meaningful estimates only if the constant values of the TE properties used in the formulations are physically appropriate. In this study, a comparison of different averaging modes shows that a combination of integral averaging over the temperature scale for the Seebeck coefficient and spatial averages for the electrical and thermal resistivities proves to be the best among the considered approximations to represent the constant property values. However, averaging spatially requires the knowledge of the exact temperature distribution along the length of the thermoelectric leg (temperature profile), which is usually obtained by Finite Element Method (FEM) calculations. Since FEM is costly and time consuming, a fast and easy way of obtaining a well approximated self-consistent temperature profile is used in this study. The relevance, magnitude and the physical origin of the non-linearity of the temperature profile are visualised by separately plotting the individual contributions to the bending of the temperature profile (Joule, Thomson and Fourier heat contributions). On analyzing the temperature profiles for different highly efficient thermoelectric materials, it is found that the non-constancy of the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity significantly contributes to the deflection of real temperature profiles from a linear one. This mainly explains the considerable discrepancy of CPM results from exact calculations whereas, so far, the neglect of Thomson heat has been assumed to be the main source of discrepancy and several models with Thomson correction factors have been proposed. With our current view, such models cannot completely remove the discrepancy to CPM unless the T profile is taken into account and can lead to unpredictable error for different material cases and temperatures.

Suggested Citation

  • Ponnusamy, P. & de Boor, J. & Müller, E., 2020. "Using the constant properties model for accurate performance estimation of thermoelectric generator elements," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:262:y:2020:i:c:s0306261920300994
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114587
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yamashita, Osamu, 2009. "Effect of linear and non-linear components in the temperature dependences of thermoelectric properties on the cooling performance," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(9), pages 1746-1756, September.
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    3. Ju, Chengjian & Dui, Guansuo & Zheng, Helen Hao & Xin, Libiao, 2017. "Revisiting the temperature dependence in material properties and performance of thermoelectric materials," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 249-257.
    4. Lee, HoSung, 2013. "The Thomson effect and the ideal equation on thermoelectric coolers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 61-69.
    5. Lee, Heonjoong & Sharp, Jeff & Stokes, David & Pearson, Matthew & Priya, Shashank, 2018. "Modeling and analysis of the effect of thermal losses on thermoelectric generator performance using effective properties," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 987-996.
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    Cited by:

    1. Wielgosz, Sarah E. & Clifford, Corey E. & Yu, Kevin & Barry, Matthew M., 2023. "Fully–coupled thermal–electric modeling of thermoelectric generators," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    2. He, Min & Wang, Enhua & Zhang, Yuanyin & Zhang, Wen & Zhang, Fujun & Zhao, Changlu, 2020. "Performance analysis of a multilayer thermoelectric generator for exhaust heat recovery of a heavy-duty diesel engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).
    3. Julia Camut & Eckhard Müller & Johannes de Boor, 2023. "Analyzing the Performance of Thermoelectric Generators with Inhomogeneous Legs: Coupled Material–Device Modelling for Mg 2 X -Based TEG Prototypes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-18, April.

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