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The case for Bi-directional charging of electric vehicles in low voltage distribution networks

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  • Crozier, Constance
  • Morstyn, Thomas
  • Deakin, Matthew
  • McCulloch, Malcolm

Abstract

In recent years, there has been growing interest in AC vehicle-to-grid charging in residential networks. Bi-directional smart charging offers additional flexibility compared to uni-directional smart chargers, but are expensive to install and implement. This paper investigates the costs and benefits to the distribution network that bi-directional charging provides, relative to uni-directional charging. Benefit is quantified in terms of the reduction in the peak demand of the network, and costs are quantified with the increase in throughput of the vehicles’ batteries and the increase in electrical losses in the system. Measured data and representative networks are used to construct two representative case studies of residential charging, one in the UK and one in Texas, US.

Suggested Citation

  • Crozier, Constance & Morstyn, Thomas & Deakin, Matthew & McCulloch, Malcolm, 2020. "The case for Bi-directional charging of electric vehicles in low voltage distribution networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:259:y:2020:i:c:s0306261919319014
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114214
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Gonzalez Venegas, Felipe & Petit, Marc & Perez, Yannick, 2021. "Active integration of electric vehicles into distribution grids: Barriers and frameworks for flexibility services," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    2. Ali M. Eltamaly, 2023. "Smart Decentralized Electric Vehicle Aggregators for Optimal Dispatch Technologies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-27, December.
    3. Wu, Chuantao & Chen, Cen & Ma, Yuncong & Li, Feiyu & Sui, Quan & Lin, Xiangning & Wei, Fanrong & Li, Zhengtian, 2022. "Enhancing resilient restoration of distribution systems utilizing electric vehicles and supporting incentive mechanism," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
    4. Niu, Jide & Li, Xiaoyuan & Tian, Zhe & Yang, Hongxing, 2024. "Uncertainty analysis of the electric vehicle potential for a household to enhance robustness in decision on the EV/V2H technologies," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 365(C).
    5. Wu, Wei & Lin, Boqiang, 2021. "Benefits of electric vehicles integrating into power grid," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    6. McGarry, Connor & Dixon, James & Flower, Jack & Bukhsh, Waqquas & Brand, Christian & Bell, Keith & Galloway, Stuart, 2024. "Electrified heat and transport: Energy demand futures, their impacts on power networks and what it means for system flexibility," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 360(C).
    7. Brian Azzopardi & Yesbol Gabdullin, 2024. "Impacts of Electric Vehicles Charging in Low-Voltage Distribution Networks: A Case Study in Malta," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-18, January.

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