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Levelised Cost of Storage (LCOS) for solar-PV-powered cooling in the tropics

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  • Luerssen, Christoph
  • Gandhi, Oktoviano
  • Reindl, Thomas
  • Sekhar, Chandra
  • Cheong, David

Abstract

In this paper, we propose an advanced Levelised Cost of Storage (LCOS) model to compare electricity and thermal energy storage for cooling applications. The proposed model is applied to evaluate the LCOS for Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) battery, chilled water and ice storage for Photovoltaic (PV) powered cooling for an office, a hotel, and a refrigerated warehouse scenario in Singapore. Parametric energy simulations varying the storage size were carried out to analyse the optimal storage size for different applications and technologies. The thermal energy storages were found to cause a lower chiller plant Coefficient of Performance (COP), which leads to an increased energy consumption. As a result, the battery can achieve a better performance in terms of self-sufficiency. The LCOS for the thermal energy storages are generally lower than that of the battery, at 23–47 USD ct/kWhel for all the analysed storage sizes. However, a well-sized battery can only achieve LCOS of 55 USD ct/kWhel for the office scenario, 71 USD ct/kWhel for the hotel scenario, and 55 USD ct/kWhel for the refrigerated warehouse, due to high investment cost. This work also highlights that thermal energy storage has a better potential for applications that require a larger shift of energy, such as in the investigated hotel and refrigerated warehouse scenario.

Suggested Citation

  • Luerssen, Christoph & Gandhi, Oktoviano & Reindl, Thomas & Sekhar, Chandra & Cheong, David, 2019. "Levelised Cost of Storage (LCOS) for solar-PV-powered cooling in the tropics," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 640-654.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:242:y:2019:i:c:p:640-654
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.03.133
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    Cited by:

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    2. Nawaz Edoo & Robert T. F. Ah King, 2021. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Utility-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Plus Battery Power Plant," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-22, December.
    3. Luerssen, Christoph & Gandhi, Oktoviano & Reindl, Thomas & Sekhar, Chandra & Cheong, David, 2020. "Life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) of PV-powered cooling systems with thermal energy and battery storage for off-grid applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 273(C).
    4. Gandhi, Oktoviano & Rodríguez-Gallegos, Carlos D. & Zhang, Wenjie & Reindl, Thomas & Srinivasan, Dipti, 2022. "Levelised cost of PV integration for distribution networks," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    5. Luerssen, Christoph & Verbois, Hadrien & Gandhi, Oktoviano & Reindl, Thomas & Sekhar, Chandra & Cheong, David, 2021. "Global sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of the levelised cost of storage (LCOS) for solar-PV-powered cooling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).
    6. Ding, Yan & Lyu, Yacong & Lu, Shilei & Wang, Ran, 2022. "Load shifting potential assessment of building thermal storage performance for building design," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    7. Bakdi, Azzeddine & Bounoua, Wahiba & Mekhilef, Saad & Halabi, Laith M., 2019. "Nonparametric Kullback-divergence-PCA for intelligent mismatch detection and power quality monitoring in grid-connected rooftop PV," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    8. Ismail, Muhammad Imran & Yunus, Nor Alafiza & Hashim, Haslenda, 2021. "Integration of solar heating systems for low-temperature heat demand in food processing industry – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    9. Andrés Villarruel-Jaramillo & Josué F. Rosales-Pérez & Manuel Pérez-García & José M. Cardemil & Rodrigo Escobar, 2023. "Modeling and Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Solar Cooling Systems Driven by Photovoltaic and Solar Thermal Collectors—Case Study: Greenhouses of Andalusia," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-28, June.

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