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Conditional convergence in per capita carbon emissions since 1900

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  • Awaworyi Churchill, Sefa
  • Inekwe, John
  • Ivanovski, Kris

Abstract

This study examines conditional convergence in relative per capita carbon dioxide emissions by using the recently developed Residual Augmented Least Squares-Lagrange Multiplier (RALS-LM) unit root test procedure that allows for endogenously determined structural breaks. Utilising a sample of 44 developed and developing countries dating back to the beginning of the 20th century, the null hypothesis of a unit root in relative per capita carbon dioxide emissions is soundly rejected, lending support to the conditional convergence hypothesis. Also, an examination of the pre and post-World War II suggests that convergence in relative per capita carbon dioxide emissions is more pronounced over the post-World War II period as opposed to the pre-World War II period.

Suggested Citation

  • Awaworyi Churchill, Sefa & Inekwe, John & Ivanovski, Kris, 2018. "Conditional convergence in per capita carbon emissions since 1900," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 916-927.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:228:y:2018:i:c:p:916-927
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.06.132
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    8. Ivanovski, Kris & Awaworyi Churchill, Sefa & Smyth, Russell, 2018. "A club convergence analysis of per capita energy consumption across Australian regions and sectors," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 519-531.
    9. Simionescu, Mihaela, 2022. "Stochastic convergence in per capita energy use in the EU-15 countries. The role of economic growth," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
    10. Diego Romero-Ávila & Tolga Omay, 2023. "Convergence of GHGs emissions in the long-run: aerosol precursors, reactive gases and aerosols—a nonlinear panel approach," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(11), pages 12303-12337, November.
    11. Xingle Long & Chuanwang Sun & Chao Wu & Bin Chen & Kofi Agyenim Boateng, 2020. "Green innovation efficiency across China’s 30 provinces: estimate, comparison, and convergence," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 25(7), pages 1243-1260, October.
    12. Awaworyi Churchill, Sefa & Inekwe, John & Ivanovski, Kris, 2020. "Stochastic convergence in per capita CO2 emissions: Evidence from emerging economies, 1921–2014," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    13. Zhang, Hongwu & Shi, Xunpeng & Cheong, Tsun Se & Wang, Keying, 2020. "Convergence of carbon emissions at the household level in China: A distribution dynamics approach," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    14. Yu, Bolin & Fang, Debin & Dong, Feng, 2020. "Study on the evolution of thermal power generation and its nexus with economic growth: Evidence from EU regions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C).
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    16. UÄŸur UrsavaÅŸ & Veli Yilanci, 2023. "Convergence analysis of ecological footprint at different time scales: Evidence from Southern Common Market countries," Energy & Environment, , vol. 34(2), pages 429-442, March.
    17. Zhang, Shaobin & Shi, Baofeng & Ji, Hao, 2023. "How to decouple income growth from household carbon emissions: A perspective based on urban-rural differences in China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    18. Veli Yilanci & Muhammed Sehid Gorus & Sakiru Adebola Solarin, 2022. "Convergence in per capita carbon footprint and ecological footprint for G7 countries: Evidence from panel Fourier threshold unit root test," Energy & Environment, , vol. 33(3), pages 527-545, May.
    19. Awaworyi Churchill, Sefa & Inekwe, John & Ivanovski, Kris & Smyth, Russell, 2020. "Stationarity properties of per capita CO2 emissions in the OECD in the very long-run: A replication and extension analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    20. Matsuki, Takashi & Pan, Lei, 2021. "Per capita carbon emissions convergence in developing Asia: A century of evidence from covariate unit root test with endogenous structural breaks," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    21. Ivanovski, Kris & Awaworyi Churchill, Sefa, 2020. "Convergence and determinants of greenhouse gas emissions in Australia: A regional analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Energy convergence; Unit root test;

    JEL classification:

    • C50 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - General
    • Q40 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - General

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