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Fabrication of microencapsulated phase change materials with TiO2/Fe3O4 hybrid shell as thermoregulatory enzyme carriers: A novel design of applied energy microsystem for bioapplications

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  • Jiang, Binbin
  • Wang, Xiaodong
  • Wu, Dezhen

Abstract

This article reported the design and fabrication of a novel applied energy microsystem based on magnetic microencapsulated phase change materials (PCMs) as thermoregulatory enzyme carriers for bioapplications. The PCM-containing microcapsules used as enzyme carriers were first synthesized through the Pickering emulsion templating self-assembly of Fe3O4 nanoparticles onto an n-eicosane core, followed by interfacial polycondensation of titania precursors to form a crystalline TiO2/Fe3O4 hybrid shell. The chemical compositions and crystalline structures of the hybrid shell were examined by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. The microcapsules were found to present a regular spherical morphology with a prefect core-shell structure on the basis of transmission and scanning electronic microscopic observations. Thermal analysis indicated that the microencapsulated n-eicosane not only revealed reliable phase-change performance with a thermal energy-storage efficiency of 53.56% but also exhibited a good thermoregulatory capability. Most of all, Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) was immobilized onto these microcapsules by covalent bonds, and such covalent bonding immobilization was further testified by Fourier–transform infrared spectroscopy and XPS spectroscopy. The separability of the CRL-immobilized microcapsules was determined by magnetic characterization along with a visible magnetic separation experiment. The effect of temperature on biocatalytic activity, storage stability, thermal stability and reusability of free and immobilized CRL were investigated. Compared to conventional TiO2 carriers, the immobilized CRL on the microcapsules designed by this study exhibited a higher biocatalytic activity, longer storage stability, higher thermal stability and better reusability due to the thermoregulatory effectiveness of n-eicosane core. This study may open up a novel direction for the development and applications of microencapsulated PCMs in biotechnological and bioengineering areas.

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  • Jiang, Binbin & Wang, Xiaodong & Wu, Dezhen, 2017. "Fabrication of microencapsulated phase change materials with TiO2/Fe3O4 hybrid shell as thermoregulatory enzyme carriers: A novel design of applied energy microsystem for bioapplications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(C), pages 20-33.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:201:y:2017:i:c:p:20-33
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.093
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    7. Jiang, Feng & Ge, Zhiwei & Ling, Xiang & Cang, Daqiang & Zhang, Lingling & Ding, Yulong, 2021. "Improved thermophysical properties of shape-stabilized NaNO3 using a modified diatomite-based porous ceramic for solar thermal energy storage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 327-338.
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    9. Li, Ang & Wang, Jingjing & Dong, Cheng & Dong, Wenjun & Atinafu, Dimberu G. & Chen, Xiao & Gao, Hongyi & Wang, Ge, 2018. "Core-sheath structural carbon materials for integrated enhancement of thermal conductivity and capacity," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C), pages 369-376.
    10. Lin, Yaxue & Zhu, Chuqiao & Alva, Guruprasad & Fang, Guiyin, 2018. "Microencapsulation and thermal properties of myristic acid with ethyl cellulose shell for thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C), pages 494-501.
    11. Zhao, Aiqin & Xiao, Xi & Hu, Zhong-Ting & Zhu, Weiping & Yang, Jinglei & Yang, En-Hua, 2024. "Multifunctional F-doped TiO2 PCM microcapsules for visible-light-driven photocatalysis and latent heat storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 359(C).
    12. Zhang, Ya & Liu, Huan & Niu, Jinfei & Wang, Xiaodong & Wu, Dezhen, 2020. "Development of reversible and durable thermochromic phase-change microcapsules for real-time indication of thermal energy storage and management," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    13. Liu, Changhui & Xiao, Tong & Zhao, Jiateng & Liu, Qingyi & Sun, Wenjie & Guo, Chenglong & Ali, Hafiz Muhammad & Chen, Xiao & Rao, Zhonghao & Gu, Yanlong, 2023. "Polymer engineering in phase change thermal storage materials," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
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