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GHG emission balances and prospects of hydrogen enhanced synthetic biofuels from solid biomass in the European context

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  • Koponen, Kati
  • Hannula, Ilkka

Abstract

The European Commission has proposed a minimum share of 3.6% for advanced biofuels in transport in 2030. Satisfying this target using synthetic biofuels would require 48–62Mt/a of forest residue feedstock. If all biofuel plants were maximally enhanced with additional hydrogen input, the biomass demand would be reduced by 35Mt to 16–24Mt/a. As sustainable biomass is a limited resource, such drastic improvements in the efficiency of biomass use have a favourable impact on biomass availability. In this work we assume electrolysis of water as the source of hydrogen and investigate the GHG emission balances of hydrogen enhanced biofuels using the calculation method provided in the European Union’s sustainability criteria for biofuels. The required 70% emission saving compared to fossil fuels is achieved when the carbon intensity of electricity remains under 84–110gCO2/kWh, depending on the process configuration. In addition, we study the possibility that an emission factor could be allocated to the wood biomass, referring to recent discussions on climate impacts of forest bioenergy. Without hydrogen enhancement, the emission factor needs to remain below 13gCO2/MJwood to meet the 70% requirement, while for hydrogen-enhanced configurations it could increase to 36gCO2/MJwood, under the assumption of zero emission electricity.

Suggested Citation

  • Koponen, Kati & Hannula, Ilkka, 2017. "GHG emission balances and prospects of hydrogen enhanced synthetic biofuels from solid biomass in the European context," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 106-118.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:200:y:2017:i:c:p:106-118
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.014
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Hannula, I. & Reiner, D., 2017. "The race to solve the sustainable transport problem via carbon-neutral synthetic fuels and battery electric vehicles," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 1758, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
    2. Chiaramonti, David & Goumas, Theodor, 2019. "Impacts on industrial-scale market deployment of advanced biofuels and recycled carbon fuels from the EU Renewable Energy Directive II," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C), pages 1-1.
    3. Puricelli, S. & Cardellini, G. & Casadei, S. & Faedo, D. & van den Oever, A.E.M. & Grosso, M., 2021. "A review on biofuels for light-duty vehicles in Europe," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    4. Onarheim, Kristin & Hannula, Ilkka & Solantausta, Yrjö, 2020. "Hydrogen enhanced biofuels for transport via fast pyrolysis of biomass: A conceptual assessment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    5. Jeremiáš, M. & Pohořelý, M. & Svoboda, K. & Skoblia, S. & Beňo, Z. & Šyc, M., 2018. "CO2 gasification of biomass: The effect of lime concentration in a fluidised bed," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C), pages 361-368.
    6. repec:eco:journ2:2017-04-30 is not listed on IDEAS
    7. Lindroos, Tomi J. & Mäki, Elina & Koponen, Kati & Hannula, Ilkka & Kiviluoma, Juha & Raitila, Jyrki, 2021. "Replacing fossil fuels with bioenergy in district heating – Comparison of technology options," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    8. Buchspies, Benedikt & Kaltschmitt, Martin, 2018. "A consequential assessment of changes in greenhouse gas emissions due to the introduction of wheat straw ethanol in the context of European legislation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 368-381.
    9. Albrecht, Friedemann Georg & Nguyen, Tuong-Van, 2020. "Prospects of electrofuels to defossilize transportation in Denmark – A techno-economic and ecological analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).

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