IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v179y2016icp575-589.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A model-based climatology analysis of wind power resources at 100-m height over the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea

Author

Listed:
  • Li, Delei
  • Geyer, Beate
  • Bisling, Peter

Abstract

China has set ambitious goals for the development of offshore wind energy to meet the increasing energy demand of coastal provinces. Many studies have assessed the potential offshore wind energy in Chinese territorial waters. However, few studies have focused on the climatology, variability, and extreme climate of wind speeds and wind power, especially at hub height in this area. This type of study is important for selecting promising sites for offshore wind farms. In the present study, a 35-year (1979–2013) high-resolution (7km) wind hindcast over the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea (BYS) at 100-m height was constructed using the regional climate model COSMO-CLM (CCLM) driven by the ERA-Interim reanalysis dataset. The quality of wind speeds reconstructed by CCLM was assessed by a comparison with observation data at several stations. After verification, the climatology, variability, and extreme climate of winds over the BYS were spatially and temporally investigated. The results show that the 35-year mean wind speed is mostly between 7.0 and 7.5m/s; in the coastal areas of the BYS, the mean is less than 7.0m/s, and in the remote offshore areas, the mean is greater than 7.5m/s. The daily mean wind speed is stronger (weaker) in winter (summer) half year, with stronger (weaker) spatial variability. Wind power density is mainly 300–500W/m2. The interannual variability of annual mean wind speed and the wind power are in the range of 0.1–0.3m/s and 10–40W/m2, respectively. Decadal variances of the mean wind speed and the wind power are roughly within ±2% and ±5%, respectively, with a stronger variability along the southwestern coasts of the Yellow Sea. The distribution patterns of extreme winds (i.e., 5, 10, 30, and 50-year return values) are generally similar, with strength increasing from the northwest to the southeast. The wind energy characteristics for water areas and potential wind farm sites are summarized.

Suggested Citation

  • Li, Delei & Geyer, Beate & Bisling, Peter, 2016. "A model-based climatology analysis of wind power resources at 100-m height over the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 575-589.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:179:y:2016:i:c:p:575-589
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.07.010
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261916309515
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.07.010?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Pishgar-Komleh, S.H. & Keyhani, A. & Sefeedpari, P., 2015. "Wind speed and power density analysis based on Weibull and Rayleigh distributions (a case study: Firouzkooh county of Iran)," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 313-322.
    2. Lu, Xi & McElroy, Michael B. & Nielsen, Chris P. & Chen, Xinyu & Huang, Junling, 2013. "Optimal integration of offshore wind power for a steadier, environmentally friendlier, supply of electricity in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 131-138.
    3. Rui Chang & Rong Zhu & Merete Badger & Charlotte Bay Hasager & Rongwei Zhou & Dong Ye & Xiaowei Zhang, 2014. "Applicability of Synthetic Aperture Radar Wind Retrievals on Offshore Wind Resources Assessment in Hangzhou Bay, China," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(5), pages 1-16, May.
    4. Bhattacharya, Mita & Paramati, Sudharshan Reddy & Ozturk, Ilhan & Bhattacharya, Sankar, 2016. "The effect of renewable energy consumption on economic growth: Evidence from top 38 countries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 733-741.
    5. Jiang, Dong & Zhuang, Dafang & Huang, Yaohuan & Wang, Jianhua & Fu, Jingying, 2013. "Evaluating the spatio-temporal variation of China's offshore wind resources based on remotely sensed wind field data," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 142-148.
    6. Oh, Ki-Yong & Kim, Ji-Young & Lee, Jun-Shin & Ryu, Ki-Wahn, 2012. "Wind resource assessment around Korean Peninsula for feasibility study on 100 MW class offshore wind farm," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 217-226.
    7. Weigt, Hannes, 2009. "Germany's wind energy: The potential for fossil capacity replacement and cost saving," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(10), pages 1857-1863, October.
    8. Hong, Lixuan & Möller, Bernd, 2011. "Offshore wind energy potential in China: Under technical, spatial and economic constraints," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(7), pages 4482-4491.
    9. Wang, Jianzhou & Qin, Shanshan & Jin, Shiqiang & Wu, Jie, 2015. "Estimation methods review and analysis of offshore extreme wind speeds and wind energy resources," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 26-42.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Liu, Fa & Sun, Fubao & Liu, Wenbin & Wang, Tingting & Wang, Hong & Wang, Xunming & Lim, Wee Ho, 2019. "On wind speed pattern and energy potential in China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C), pages 867-876.
    2. Yang, Zihao & Dong, Sheng, 2024. "A novel framework for wind energy assessment at multi-time scale based on non-stationary wind speed models: A case study in China," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    3. Markus Gross & Vanesa Magar & Alfredo Peña, 2020. "The Effect of Averaging, Sampling, and Time Series Length on Wind Power Density Estimations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-13, April.
    4. Soares, Pedro M.M. & Lima, Daniela C.A. & Cardoso, Rita M. & Nascimento, Manuel L. & Semedo, Alvaro, 2017. "Western Iberian offshore wind resources: More or less in a global warming climate?," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 72-90.
    5. Liu, Zhan & Ding, Jialu & Huang, Xinyu & Liu, Zhengguang & Yan, Xuewen & Liu, Xianglei & Yang, Xiaohu, 2024. "Analysis of a hybrid heat and underwater compressed air energy storage system used at coastal areas," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 354(PA).
    6. Liu, Min & Qin, Jianjun & Lu, Da-Gang & Zhang, Wei-Heng & Zhu, Jiang-Sheng & Faber, Michael Havbro, 2022. "Towards resilience of offshore wind farms: A framework and application to asset integrity management," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
    7. Costoya, X. & deCastro, M. & Carvalho, D. & Gómez-Gesteira, M., 2020. "On the suitability of offshore wind energy resource in the United States of America for the 21st century," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    8. Li, Jiangxia & Pan, Shunqi & Chen, Yongping & Yao, Yu & Xu, Conghao, 2022. "Assessment of combined wind and wave energy in the tropical cyclone affected region:An application in China seas," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    9. Cristian Mattar & Felipe Cabello-Españon & Nicolas G. Alonso-de-Linaje, 2021. "Towards a Future Scenario for Offshore Wind Energy in Chile: Breaking the Paradigm," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-16, June.
    10. Costoya, X. & deCastro, M. & Carvalho, D. & Feng, Z. & Gómez-Gesteira, M., 2021. "Climate change impacts on the future offshore wind energy resource in China," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 731-747.
    11. Olaofe, Z.O., 2019. "Quantification of the near-surface wind conditions of the African coast: A comparative approach (satellite, NCEP CFSR and WRF-based)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    12. Chen, Xinping & Foley, Aoife & Zhang, Zenghai & Wang, Kaimin & O'Driscoll, Kieran, 2020. "An assessment of wind energy potential in the Beibu Gulf considering the energy demands of the Beibu Gulf Economic Rim," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    13. Wen, Yi & Kamranzad, Bahareh & Lin, Pengzhi, 2022. "Joint exploitation potential of offshore wind and wave energy along the south and southeast coasts of China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C).
    14. Nie, Bingchuan & Li, Jiachun, 2018. "Technical potential assessment of offshore wind energy over shallow continent shelf along China coast," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 128(PA), pages 391-399.
    15. deCastro, M. & Salvador, S. & Gómez-Gesteira, M. & Costoya, X. & Carvalho, D. & Sanz-Larruga, F.J. & Gimeno, L., 2019. "Europe, China and the United States: Three different approaches to the development of offshore wind energy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 55-70.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Nie, Bingchuan & Li, Jiachun, 2018. "Technical potential assessment of offshore wind energy over shallow continent shelf along China coast," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 128(PA), pages 391-399.
    2. Zhao, Xin-gang & Ren, Ling-zhi, 2015. "Focus on the development of offshore wind power in China: Has the golden period come?," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 644-657.
    3. Li, Jiangxia & Pan, Shunqi & Chen, Yongping & Yao, Yu & Xu, Conghao, 2022. "Assessment of combined wind and wave energy in the tropical cyclone affected region:An application in China seas," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    4. Yang, Zihao & Dong, Sheng, 2024. "A novel framework for wind energy assessment at multi-time scale based on non-stationary wind speed models: A case study in China," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    5. Jiang, Dong & Zhuang, Dafang & Huang, Yaohuan & Wang, Jianhua & Fu, Jingying, 2013. "Evaluating the spatio-temporal variation of China's offshore wind resources based on remotely sensed wind field data," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 142-148.
    6. Shi, Wei & Han, Jonghoon & Kim, Changwan & Lee, Daeyong & Shin, Hyunkyoung & Park, Hyunchul, 2015. "Feasibility study of offshore wind turbine substructures for southwest offshore wind farm project in Korea," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 406-413.
    7. Murthy, K.S.R. & Rahi, O.P., 2017. "A comprehensive review of wind resource assessment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 1320-1342.
    8. Salvação, Nadia & Bentamy, Abderrahim & Guedes Soares, C., 2022. "Developing a new wind dataset by blending satellite data and WRF model wind predictions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C), pages 283-295.
    9. Li, Jiale & Yu, Xiong (Bill), 2018. "Onshore and offshore wind energy potential assessment near Lake Erie shoreline: A spatial and temporal analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 1092-1107.
    10. Allouhi, A. & Zamzoum, O. & Islam, M.R. & Saidur, R. & Kousksou, T. & Jamil, A. & Derouich, A., 2017. "Evaluation of wind energy potential in Morocco's coastal regions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 311-324.
    11. Liao, Shiwu & Yao, Wei & Han, Xingning & Wen, Jinyu & Cheng, Shijie, 2017. "Chronological operation simulation framework for regional power system under high penetration of renewable energy using meteorological data," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 816-828.
    12. Hong, Lixuan & Lund, Henrik & Möller, Bernd, 2012. "The importance of flexible power plant operation for Jiangsu's wind integration," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 41(1), pages 499-507.
    13. Birgir Freyr Ragnarsson & Gudmundur V. Oddsson & Runar Unnthorsson & Birgir Hrafnkelsson, 2015. "Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis of a Wind Power Generation System at Búrfell in Iceland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(9), pages 1-22, September.
    14. Liu, Yichao & Chen, Daoyi & Li, Sunwei & Chan, P.W., 2018. "Discerning the spatial variations in offshore wind resources along the coast of China via dynamic downscaling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 582-596.
    15. Shi, Wei & Park, Hyunchul & Han, Jonghoon & Na, Sangkwon & Kim, Changwan, 2013. "A study on the effect of different modeling parameters on the dynamic response of a jacket-type offshore wind turbine in the Korean Southwest Sea," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 50-59.
    16. Wang, Jianzhou & Huang, Xiaojia & Li, Qiwei & Ma, Xuejiao, 2018. "Comparison of seven methods for determining the optimal statistical distribution parameters: A case study of wind energy assessment in the large-scale wind farms of China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 432-448.
    17. Wei, Youzhou & Zou, Qing-Ping & Lin, Xianghong, 2021. "Evolution of price policy for offshore wind energy in China: Trilemma of capacity, price and subsidy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    18. Lu, Xi & McElroy, Michael B. & Nielsen, Chris P. & Chen, Xinyu & Huang, Junling, 2013. "Optimal integration of offshore wind power for a steadier, environmentally friendlier, supply of electricity in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 131-138.
    19. Jiang, Haiyan & Wang, Jianzhou & Wu, Jie & Geng, Wei, 2017. "Comparison of numerical methods and metaheuristic optimization algorithms for estimating parameters for wind energy potential assessment in low wind regions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 1199-1217.
    20. Salvação, N. & Guedes Soares, C., 2018. "Wind resource assessment offshore the Atlantic Iberian coast with the WRF model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 276-287.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:179:y:2016:i:c:p:575-589. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.