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External electromagnetic field-aided freezing of CMC-modified graphene/water nanofluid

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Listed:
  • Jia, Lisi
  • Chen, Ying
  • Lei, Shijun
  • Mo, Songping
  • Luo, Xianglong
  • Shao, Xuefeng

Abstract

Graphene/water nanofluids with and without surfactant carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC) were prepared using ultrasonic vibration. Surfactant CMC caused the change in the zeta potential of graphene/water nanofluid from 3.9mV to −53.1mV. The CMC-modified graphene/water nanofluid then froze with and without an external electromagnetic field and melted at room temperature. The particle size distributions and adsorption spectra of graphene/water nanofluid after a freeze/melt cycle at different current intensities were measured to evaluate the electromagnetic field effect on graphene rejection and engulfment by the advancing ice–water interface. Results show that (1) without an electromagnetic field, the absorbance of graphene/water nanofluid dramatically reduces, and a new peak of large particle size emerges after a freeze/melt cycle, thereby indicating that graphenes are partially rejected by the ice–water front and aggregate together; and (2) with an electromagnetic field, the adsorption spectra and the particle size distributions of graphene/water nanofluid do not significantly change after a freeze/melt cycle, thereby indicating that the graphenes are captured by the freezing interface and are uniformly distributed in the frozen body of graphene/water nanofluid. The electromagnetic field effect is closely related to the electric current intensity. Good thermal cycling stability can be achieved for graphene/water nanofluid in the current range of 0.07–0.12A. Mechanisms associated with surfactant adsorption, electromagnetic field, and possible gas evolution are proposed in this study to account for the behavior of graphenes in front of the ice–water interface.

Suggested Citation

  • Jia, Lisi & Chen, Ying & Lei, Shijun & Mo, Songping & Luo, Xianglong & Shao, Xuefeng, 2016. "External electromagnetic field-aided freezing of CMC-modified graphene/water nanofluid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 1670-1677.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:162:y:2016:i:c:p:1670-1677
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.08.067
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Liu, Jian & Wang, Fuxian & Zhang, Long & Fang, Xiaoming & Zhang, Zhengguo, 2014. "Thermodynamic properties and thermal stability of ionic liquid-based nanofluids containing graphene as advanced heat transfer fluids for medium-to-high-temperature applications," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 519-523.
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    2. Bhattad, Atul & Sarkar, Jahar & Ghosh, Pradyumna, 2018. "Improving the performance of refrigeration systems by using nanofluids: A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 3656-3669.
    3. Tipole, Pralhad & Karthikeyan, A. & Bhojwani, Virendra & Patil, Abhay & Oak, Ninad & Ponatil, Amal & Nagori, Palash, 2016. "Applying a magnetic field on liquid line of vapour compression system is a novel technique to increase a performance of the system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 376-382.
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    5. Ahmad, S.H.A. & Saidur, R. & Mahbubul, I.M. & Al-Sulaiman, F.A., 2017. "Optical properties of various nanofluids used in solar collector: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 1014-1030.
    6. Thirumaran Balaji & Dhasan Mohan Lal & Chandrasekaran Selvam, 2023. "A Critical Review on the Thermal Transport Characteristics of Graphene-Based Nanofluids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-46, March.

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