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Impact of intake hydrogen enrichment on morphology, structure and oxidation reactivity of diesel particulate

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  • Zhou, J.H.
  • Cheung, C.S.
  • Zhao, W.Z.
  • Ning, Z.
  • Leung, C.W.

Abstract

Experimental investigations were conducted on a 4-cylinder natural-aspirated direct-injection diesel engine with naturally aspirated hydrogen, focusing on the effects of hydrogen addition on the physico-chemical properties of the diesel particulate. Diesel particulates were sampled for off-line analysis, with the aid of TEM and TGA facilities. Hydrogen addition promotes particle oxidation at low engine load and speed due to the increase of exhaust temperature, resulting in smaller particles, but it inhibits particle oxidation at high engine load due to the competition of oxygen between hydrogen and diesel fuel which results in larger primary particles. The replacement of injected diesel fuel by hydrogen inhibits the formation of soot nuclei and decreases its volume density, hence reduces the size of aggregate particles which are more spherical as indicated by an increase of fractal dimension and a decrease of radius of gyration. With increase of engine load, primary particles exhibit more graphitic structure, changing from “onion like” to “shell–core” structure. Hydrogen addition promotes and inhibits primary particle oxidation at low and high engine loads, respectively, and the corresponding primary particles are “turbostratic interlayer” and “shell-amorphous” in structure, respectively. The results of recognized fringe length, tortuosity and fringe separation distance are consistent with the observed morphology. The oxidation reactivity is related to equivalence ratio, being higher at low engine load and speed, which is indicated by the variation of activation energy and ignition temperature. The oxidation reactivity is validated to be related to the nanostructure of primary particles.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhou, J.H. & Cheung, C.S. & Zhao, W.Z. & Ning, Z. & Leung, C.W., 2015. "Impact of intake hydrogen enrichment on morphology, structure and oxidation reactivity of diesel particulate," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 442-455.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:160:y:2015:i:c:p:442-455
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.09.036
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Fayaz, H. & Saidur, R. & Razali, N. & Anuar, F.S. & Saleman, A.R. & Islam, M.R., 2012. "An overview of hydrogen as a vehicle fuel," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(8), pages 5511-5528.
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    2. Mao, Dongxu & Ghadikolaei, Meisam Ahmadi & Cheung, Chun Shun & Shen, Zhaojie & Cui, Wenzheng & Wong, Pak Kin, 2020. "Influence of alternative fuels on the particulate matter micro and nano-structures, volatility and oxidation reactivity in a compression ignition engine," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    3. Ghadikolaei, Meisam Ahmadi & Wong, Pak Kin & Cheung, Chun Shun & Ning, Zhi & Yung, Ka-Fu & Zhao, Jing & Gali, Nirmal Kumar & Berenjestanaki, Alireza Valipour, 2021. "Impact of lower and higher alcohols on the physicochemical properties of particulate matter from diesel engines: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    4. Zhao, Xiaohuan & Zuo, Hongyan & Jia, Guohai, 2022. "Effect analysis on pressure sensitivity performance of diesel particulate filter for heavy-duty truck diesel engine by the nonlinear soot regeneration combustion pressure model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
    5. Zhang, Bin & E, Jiaqiang & Gong, Jinke & Yuan, Wenhua & Zuo, Wei & Li, Yu & Fu, Jun, 2016. "Multidisciplinary design optimization of the diesel particulate filter in the composite regeneration process," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 14-28.
    6. Akcay, Mehmet & Yilmaz, Ilker Turgut & Feyzioglu, Ahmet, 2020. "Effect of hydrogen addition on performance and emission characteristics of a common-rail CI engine fueled with diesel/waste cooking oil biodiesel blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C).
    7. Almanzalawy, M.S. & Elkady, M.F. & Mori, S. & Elwardany, A.E., 2023. "Quantification of soot nanostructure produced from a diesel engine fueled with C3 ketone," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(C).

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