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Estimating reference evapotranspiration with atmometers in a semiarid environment

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  • Gavilán, P.
  • Castillo-Llanque, F.

Abstract

Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) estimations require accurate measurements of meteorological variables (solar radiation, air temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity) which are not available in many countries of the world. Alternative approaches are the use of Class A pan evaporimeters and atmometers, which have several advantages compared to meteorological stations: they are simple, inexpensive and provide a visual interpretation of ET0. The objectives of the study were to compare the evaporation from atmometers (ETgage) with the evapotranspiration estimated by the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith equation (ET0PM) and to evaluate the variability between three modified atmometers of a commercial model. Comparison between daily ETgage measured by the atmometer and ET0PM showed a good correlation. However, ETgage underestimated ET0PM by approximately 9%. Differences between ETgage and ET0PM ranged from -2.4 to 2.2 mm d-1 while the mean bias error was -0.41 mm d-1. Underestimations occurred more frequently on days with low maximum temperatures and high wind speeds. On the contrary, atmometer overestimations occurred on days with high maximum temperatures and low wind speeds. Estimates of ET0 using the atmometer appeared to be more accurate under non-windy conditions and moderate temperatures as well as under windy conditions and high temperatures. Atmometers 2 and 3 overestimated the evaporated water by atmometer 1 with a maximum variability of cumulative water losses of 4.5%. A temperature-based calibration was performed to improve the atmometer accuracy, using maximum temperature as an independent variable, with good results.

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  • Gavilán, P. & Castillo-Llanque, F., 2009. "Estimating reference evapotranspiration with atmometers in a semiarid environment," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 96(3), pages 465-472, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:96:y:2009:i:3:p:465-472
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    1. Magliulo, V. & d'Andria, R. & Rana, G., 2003. "Use of the modified atmometer to estimate reference evapotranspiration in Mediterranean environments," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 63(1), pages 1-14, November.
    2. Gavilan, P. & Lorite, I.J. & Tornero, S. & Berengena, J., 2006. "Regional calibration of Hargreaves equation for estimating reference ET in a semiarid environment," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 81(3), pages 257-281, March.
    3. Martinez-Cob, A. & Tejero-Juste, M., 2004. "A wind-based qualitative calibration of the Hargreaves ET0 estimation equation in semiarid regions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 64(3), pages 251-264, February.
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    2. Yang, Yang & Cui, Yuanlai & Bai, Kaihua & Luo, Tongyuan & Dai, Junfeng & Wang, Weiguang & Luo, Yufeng, 2019. "Short-term forecasting of daily reference evapotranspiration using the reduced-set Penman-Monteith model and public weather forecasts," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 70-80.
    3. Gleason, D.J. & Andales, A.A. & Bauder, T.A. & Chávez, J.L., 2013. "Performance of atmometers in estimating reference evapotranspiration in a semi-arid environment," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 27-35.
    4. Straatmann, Zachary & Stevens, Gene & Vories, Earl & Guinan, Pat & Travlos, John & Rhine, Matthew, 2018. "Measuring short-crop reference evapotranspiration in a humid region using electronic atmometers," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 180-186.
    5. Hlavinka, Petr & Trnka, Miroslav & Balek, Jan & Semerádová, Daniela & Hayes, Michael & Svoboda, Mark & Eitzinger, Josef & Mozný, Martin & Fischer, Milan & Hunt, Eric & Zalud, Zdenek, 2011. "Development and evaluation of the SoilClim model for water balance and soil climate estimates," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 98(8), pages 1249-1261, May.

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