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A system dynamics model of smart groundwater governance

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  • Barati, Ali Akbar
  • Azadi, Hossein
  • Scheffran, Jürgen

Abstract

Groundwater is one of the most important and vital resources in the world. In current decades, increased water demand and pollution threaten groundwater availability. Yet, groundwater governance is a serious challenge and despite many studies focusing on groundwater assessments, its governance has been largely neglected. Smart groundwater governance is one of the most critical areas to improve the sustainable use of this resource in societies and people’s livelihood. The main goal of this paper was to introduce a model to evaluate and measure the smartness level of any policy or action as an index. To do so, this study uses a system dynamics (SD) approach to develop a smart groundwater governance (SGG) model to assist policy and decision makers to better understand the short and long-term impacts of their actions, plans, and policies. For this purpose, the SGG index was introduced in the dynamic model, including four indicators (i.e., equitability, efficiency, sustainability, and democracy) and was applied in Iran. The results indicate that groundwater balance is critical (i.e. negative) and the current trend of groundwater governance is highly non-smart in the country. This study concluded that the best strategy to manage this situation and to govern the groundwater resources in a smarter manner includes both increasing the infiltration rate and decreasing the extraction rate (or increase the water efficiency) as the left and right based scenarios. The obtained results also demonstrate the benefits of the SGG index for policy and decision makers in SGG.

Suggested Citation

  • Barati, Ali Akbar & Azadi, Hossein & Scheffran, Jürgen, 2019. "A system dynamics model of smart groundwater governance," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 221(C), pages 502-518.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:221:y:2019:i:c:p:502-518
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2019.03.047
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Huo, Ai-Di & Dang, Jian & Song, Jin-Xi & Chen, Xun Hong & Mao, Hai-Ru, 2016. "Simulation modeling for water governance in basins based on surface water and groundwater," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 22-29.
    2. Kaveh Madani, 2014. "Water management in Iran: what is causing the looming crisis?," Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Springer;Association of Environmental Studies and Sciences, vol. 4(4), pages 315-328, December.
    3. Oliva, Rogelio, 2003. "Model calibration as a testing strategy for system dynamics models," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 151(3), pages 552-568, December.
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    1. Ali Akbar Barati & Milad Zhoolideh & Mostafa Moradi & Eydieh Sohrabi Mollayousef & Christine Fürst, 2022. "Multidimensional poverty and livelihood strategies in rural Iran," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(11), pages 12963-12993, November.
    2. Zamani, Omid & Azadi, Hossein & Mortazavi, Seyed Abolghasem & Balali, Hamid & Moghaddam, Saghi Movahhed & Jurik, Lubos, 2021. "The impact of water-pricing policies on water productivity: Evidence of agriculture sector in Iran," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
    3. Benabderrazik, K. & Kopainsky, B. & Tazi, L. & Joerin, J. & Six, J., 2021. "Agricultural intensification can no longer ignore water conservation – A systemic modelling approach to the case of tomato producers in Morocco," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 256(C).
    4. Ali Akhavan & Paulo Gonçalves, 2021. "Managing the trade‐off between groundwater resources and large‐scale agriculture: the case of pistachio production in Iran," System Dynamics Review, System Dynamics Society, vol. 37(2-3), pages 155-196, April.
    5. Ali Akbar Barati & Khalil Kalantari & Jassem Gholabifar & Milad Zhoolideh, 2024. "Food Security among Rural Communities: Insights from Iran," World, MDPI, vol. 5(3), pages 1-14, September.
    6. Khawar Naeem & Adel Zghibi & Adel Elomri & Annamaria Mazzoni & Chefi Triki, 2023. "A Literature Review on System Dynamics Modeling for Sustainable Management of Water Supply and Demand," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-24, April.
    7. He, Li & Du, Yu & Yu, Menglong & Wen, Hao & Ma, Haochen & Xu, Ying, 2024. "A stochastic simulation-based method for predicting the carrying capacity of agricultural water resources," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 291(C).
    8. Zhi-Qiang Yu & Takahiro Hosono & Hiroki Amano & Ronny Berndtsson & Kei Nakagawa, 2024. "Groundwater Resource Assessment by Applying Long-Term Trend Analysis of Spring Discharge, Water Level, and Hydroclimatic Parameters," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 38(11), pages 4161-4177, September.
    9. Maryam Yazdanparast & Mehdi Ghorbani & Ali Salajegheh & Reza Kerachian, 2023. "Development of a Water Security Conceptual Model by Combining Human-Environmental System (HES) and System Dynamic Approach," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 37(4), pages 1695-1709, March.
    10. Wenlong Yu & Tianhui Tao, 2022. "Scenario Simulation for the Urban Carrying Capacity Based on System Dynamics Model in Shanghai, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-18, October.
    11. Kaveh Ostad-Ali-Askari & Mohammad Shayannejad, 2021. "Quantity and quality modelling of groundwater to manage water resources in Isfahan-Borkhar Aquifer," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(11), pages 15943-15959, November.
    12. Mir, R. & Azizyan, G. & Massah, A. & Gohari, A., 2022. "Fossil water: Last resort to resolve long-standing water scarcity?," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).

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