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Maize yield, rainwater and nitrogen use efficiency as affected by maize genotypes and nitrogen rates on the Loess Plateau of China

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  • Qiang, Shengcai
  • Zhang, Yan
  • Fan, Junliang
  • Zhang, Fucang
  • Xiang, Youzheng
  • Yan, Shicheng
  • Wu, You

Abstract

Understanding the responses of grain yield (GY), nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE), rainwater use efficiency (WUE) and nitrate-N residue (NR) to different maize genotypes and the relationships of these parameters to N management is essential to determining N application rates and choose maize genotypes in rain-fed areas. A field experiment was conducted by using two maize genotypes of Zhengdan 958 (ZD958) and Wuke 2 (WK2) and three N application rates of 86, 172 and 258 kg N ha−1 with one control treatment in Yangling on the Loess Plateau of China. Grain yield, nitrate-N residue, nitrogen and rainwater use efficiency were evaluated in the 2013, 2014 and 2015 maize growing seasons. The results showed that the increasing application of N rate increased the soil NR, but no difference in soil NR was observed between the two maize genotypes at harvest. The “linear-plus-plateau” model could describe the relationship between N rates and GY, the mean values of optimal N rate and maximum GY were (149.1 vs 107.7 kg ha−1) and (7061.3 vs 6449.8 kg ha−1) in ‘ZD958’ and ‘WK2’, respectively. Nitrogen application can significantly improve WUE. Compared to ‘WK2’, ‘ZD958’ had higher WUE, with mean values of 25.5 and 23.2 kg ha-1 mm-1 in ‘ZD958’ and ‘WK2’, respectively. Nitrogen use efficiency and crop N recovery efficiency decreased sharply as the N rate increased; the mean values of NUE were 9.7 and 8.3 kg kg-1 in ‘ZD958’ and ‘WK2’, respectively. Further analysis shows that, the green leaf area index and leaf N concentration were greater in ‘ZD958’ compared with those of ‘WK2’. The findings suggest that the combination of N application rate of 149.1 kg ha−1 with the maize genotype‘ZD958’958′ would result in the maximum GY, with improve in both WUE and NUE under rain-fed conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Qiang, Shengcai & Zhang, Yan & Fan, Junliang & Zhang, Fucang & Xiang, Youzheng & Yan, Shicheng & Wu, You, 2019. "Maize yield, rainwater and nitrogen use efficiency as affected by maize genotypes and nitrogen rates on the Loess Plateau of China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 996-1003.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:213:y:2019:i:c:p:996-1003
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2018.12.021
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    7. Zhang, Guangxin & Dai, Rongcheng & Ma, Wenzhuo & Fan, Hengzhi & Meng, Wenhui & Han, Juan & Liao, Yuncheng, 2022. "Optimizing the ridge–furrow ratio and nitrogen application rate can increase the grain yield and water use efficiency of rain-fed spring maize in the Loess Plateau region of China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
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