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Automated ebb-and-flow subirrigation for citrus liners production. II. Pests, diseases and nutrient concentration

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  • Ferrarezi, Rhuanito Soranz
  • Testezlaf, Roberto

Abstract

Subirrigation has the potential to reduce water and nutrients losses in citrus seedlings production by recirculating fertilizer solution (FS) and eliminating improper disposal of salts into the environment. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of an automated ebb-and-flow system on pest and disease incidence and nutrient concentration of Rangpur lime (Citrus×limonia) liners. Nutrients were determined on plant tissue (shoot and root), substrate, and recirculated FS collected on 121-L water tanks. The treatments were four volumetric water content (VWC) to trigger subirrigation (0.12, 0.24, 0.36 and 0.48m3m−3), three FS concentrations (25%, 50% and 75% of the fertilizer recommendation) and a control (nursery manual overhead irrigation using breaker nozzles), arranged in a completely randomized 4×3+1 factorial plus design, with three replications. The system was automated by 39 capacitance sensors connected to a data logger, multiplexer and relay drivers, which controlled submersible pumps inside 121-L tanks with different FS. Subirrigation was turned on when VWC dropped below the set thresholds. There was occasional appearance of leaf miners (Phyllocnistis citrella, Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) and fungus gnats (Bradysia sp. nr. coprophila, Diptera: Sciaridae), and no diseases (especially Xanthomonas axonopodis and Phytophthora nicotianae). Different treatments resulted in changes on macro and micronutrients content in shoots and roots, substrate, and FS at 0, 30, 60 and 90days (p<0.0001). Higher FS concentrations increased the nutrient content over time (p<0.0001). There was a decrease in pH and an increase in electric conductivity on treatments with higher VWC and FS (p<0.0001). The substrate electric conductivity reached 5dSm−1 twice, demanding substrate washing by water application on treatments with VWC of 0.36 and 0.48m3m−3 and FS of 75%. Subirrigation is suitable for liner production in 56-cm3 cone-shaped containers.

Suggested Citation

  • Ferrarezi, Rhuanito Soranz & Testezlaf, Roberto, 2017. "Automated ebb-and-flow subirrigation for citrus liners production. II. Pests, diseases and nutrient concentration," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 21-32.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:192:y:2017:i:c:p:21-32
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2017.06.017
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ferrarezi, Rhuanito Soranz & Testezlaf, Roberto, 2017. "Automated ebb-and-flow subirrigation for citrus liners production. I. Plant growth," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 45-57.
    2. Rouphael, Youssef & Cardarelli, Mariateresa & Rea, Elvira & Battistelli, Alberto & Colla, Giuseppe, 2006. "Comparison of the subirrigation and drip-irrigation systems for greenhouse zucchini squash production using saline and non-saline nutrient solutions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 82(1-2), pages 99-117, April.
    3. Savvas, D. & Stamati, E. & Tsirogiannis, I.L. & Mantzos, N. & Barouchas, P.E. & Katsoulas, N. & Kittas, C., 2007. "Interactions between salinity and irrigation frequency in greenhouse pepper grown in closed-cycle hydroponic systems," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 91(1-3), pages 102-111, July.
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    1. Ferrarezi, Rhuanito Soranz & Testezlaf, Roberto, 2017. "Automated ebb-and-flow subirrigation for citrus liners production. I. Plant growth," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 45-57.
    2. Jani, Arun D. & Meadows, Taylor D. & Eckman, Megan A. & Ferrarezi, Rhuanito Soranz, 2021. "Automated ebb-and-flow subirrigation conserves water and enhances citrus liner growth compared to capillary mat and overhead irrigation methods," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    3. Zambon, Flavia Tabay & Meadows, Taylor D. & Eckman, Megan A. & Rodriguez, Katya Michelle Rivera & Ferrarezi, Rhuanito Soranz, 2022. "Automated ebb-and-flow subirrigation accelerates citrus liner production in treepots," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).

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