IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/agisys/v151y2017icp20-32.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Performance of AquaCrop and SIMDualKc models in evapotranspiration partitioning on full and deficit irrigated maize for seed production under plastic film-mulch in an arid region of China

Author

Listed:
  • Ran, Hui
  • Kang, Shaozhong
  • Li, Fusheng
  • Tong, Ling
  • Ding, Risheng
  • Du, Taisheng
  • Li, Sien
  • Zhang, Xiaotao

Abstract

It is difficult – though important – to assess the necessary allocation of increasingly scarce water resources and yield estimation, by determining the exact amount of evapotranspiration (ET) and the partitioning of ET into transpiration (T) through the stomata of plants and evaporation (E) from the soil. An accurate and effective method for ET partitioning and estimation is, therefore, desirable. This paper aims to evaluate the performance of two main models for ET partitioning and estimation in terms of feasibility and accuracy: the AquaCrop (Version 4.0) model, and the SIMDualKc model. Field experiments were carried out between 2011 and 2015 in an arid region of Northwest China on two sites using full and deficit irrigation under plastic film-mulch, with the ET of maize for seed production and its partitioning components (T and E) being strictly measured by using the eddy covariance (EC) system or the sap flow system and micro-lysimeter cylinders. Subsequently, part of the measured data was used to calibrate the two models, so that the calibrated models could then be used to assess whether the agreement between simulation and measurement had proved successful, thus validating the models, or not. The results showed that the two models performed well with regard to their simulation of ET and T under full irrigation conditions. Under deficit irrigation conditions, the ET and T values simulated by the AquaCrop model were much closer to the actual measurement when compared with the results simulated by the SIMDualKc model. This was particularly the case when the soil was re-watered after a period of long-term water stress. For the simulated E, however, both models generated data that were distant from the actual measurements taken under full or deficit irrigation conditions using plastic film-mulch, although when the SIMDualKc model simulated E data, it came closer to the measurement than did the AquaCrop model. The comparison of two models in terms of their accuracy and feasibility based on the data analysis is discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Ran, Hui & Kang, Shaozhong & Li, Fusheng & Tong, Ling & Ding, Risheng & Du, Taisheng & Li, Sien & Zhang, Xiaotao, 2017. "Performance of AquaCrop and SIMDualKc models in evapotranspiration partitioning on full and deficit irrigated maize for seed production under plastic film-mulch in an arid region of China," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 20-32.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agisys:v:151:y:2017:i:c:p:20-32
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2016.11.001
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308521X16307454
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.agsy.2016.11.001?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Paredes, P. & Wei, Z. & Liu, Y. & Xu, D. & Xin, Y. & Zhang, B. & Pereira, L.S., 2015. "Performance assessment of the FAO AquaCrop model for soil water, soil evaporation, biomass and yield of soybeans in North China Plain," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 57-71.
    2. Pereira, Luis S. & Paredes, Paula & Rodrigues, Gonçalo C. & Neves, Manuela, 2015. "Modeling malt barley water use and evapotranspiration partitioning in two contrasting rainfall years. Assessing AquaCrop and SIMDualKc models," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 239-254.
    3. Zhang, Yanqun & Kang, Shaozhong & Ward, Eric J. & Ding, Risheng & Zhang, Xin & Zheng, Rui, 2011. "Evapotranspiration components determined by sap flow and microlysimetry techniques of a vineyard in northwest China: Dynamics and influential factors," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 98(8), pages 1207-1214, May.
    4. Iqbal, M. Anjum & Shen, Yanjun & Stricevic, Ruzica & Pei, Hongwei & Sun, Hongyoung & Amiri, Ebrahim & Penas, Angel & del Rio, Sara, 2014. "Evaluation of the FAO AquaCrop model for winter wheat on the North China Plain under deficit irrigation from field experiment to regional yield simulation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 61-72.
    5. Ding, Risheng & Kang, Shaozhong & Li, Fusheng & Zhang, Yanqun & Tong, Ling & Sun, Qingyu, 2010. "Evaluating eddy covariance method by large-scale weighing lysimeter in a maize field of northwest China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 98(1), pages 87-95, December.
    6. Zhao, Peng & Li, Sien & Li, Fusheng & Du, Taisheng & Tong, Ling & Kang, Shaozhong, 2015. "Comparison of dual crop coefficient method and Shuttleworth–Wallace model in evapotranspiration partitioning in a vineyard of northwest China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 41-56.
    7. Ding, Risheng & Kang, Shaozhong & Zhang, Yanqun & Hao, Xinmei & Tong, Ling & Du, Taisheng, 2013. "Partitioning evapotranspiration into soil evaporation and transpiration using a modified dual crop coefficient model in irrigated maize field with ground-mulching," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 85-96.
    8. Paredes, P. & Rodrigues, G.C. & Alves, I. & Pereira, L.S., 2014. "Partitioning evapotranspiration, yield prediction and economic returns of maize under various irrigation management strategies," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 27-39.
    9. Li, Sien & Kang, Shaozhong & Zhang, Lu & Du, Taisheng & Tong, Ling & Ding, Risheng & Guo, Weihua & Zhao, Peng & Chen, Xia & Xiao, Huan, 2015. "Ecosystem water use efficiency for a sparse vineyard in arid northwest China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 24-33.
    10. Liu, Yujie & Luo, Yi, 2010. "A consolidated evaluation of the FAO-56 dual crop coefficient approach using the lysimeter data in the North China Plain," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 97(1), pages 31-40, January.
    11. Andarzian, B. & Bannayan, M. & Steduto, P. & Mazraeh, H. & Barati, M.E. & Barati, M.A. & Rahnama, A., 2011. "Validation and testing of the AquaCrop model under full and deficit irrigated wheat production in Iran," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 100(1), pages 1-8.
    12. Toumi, J. & Er-Raki, S. & Ezzahar, J. & Khabba, S. & Jarlan, L. & Chehbouni, A., 2016. "Performance assessment of AquaCrop model for estimating evapotranspiration, soil water content and grain yield of winter wheat in Tensift Al Haouz (Morocco): Application to irrigation management," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 219-235.
    13. Jiang, Xuelian & Kang, Shaozhong & Li, Fusheng & Du, Taisheng & Tong, Ling & Comas, Louise, 2016. "Evapotranspiration partitioning and variation of sap flow in female and male parents of maize for hybrid seed production in arid region," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 132-141.
    14. Allen, Richard G. & Pereira, Luis S. & Howell, Terry A. & Jensen, Marvin E., 2011. "Evapotranspiration information reporting: I. Factors governing measurement accuracy," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 98(6), pages 899-920, April.
    15. Katerji, Nader & Campi, Pasquale & Mastrorilli, Marcello, 2013. "Productivity, evapotranspiration, and water use efficiency of corn and tomato crops simulated by AquaCrop under contrasting water stress conditions in the Mediterranean region," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 14-26.
    16. Araya, A. & Habtu, Solomon & Hadgu, Kiros Meles & Kebede, Afewerk & Dejene, Taddese, 2010. "Test of AquaCrop model in simulating biomass and yield of water deficient and irrigated barley (Hordeum vulgare)," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 97(11), pages 1838-1846, November.
    17. Wu, Yao & Liu, Tingxi & Paredes, Paula & Duan, Limin & Pereira, Luis S., 2015. "Water use by a groundwater dependent maize in a semi-arid region of Inner Mongolia: Evapotranspiration partitioning and capillary rise," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 222-232.
    18. Tavakoli, Ali Reza & Mahdavi Moghadam, Mehran & Sepaskhah, Ali Reza, 2015. "Evaluation of the AquaCrop model for barley production under deficit irrigation and rainfed condition in Iran," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 136-146.
    19. Kang, Shaozhong & Liang, Zongsuo & Pan, Yinhua & Shi, Peize & Zhang, Jianhua, 2000. "Alternate furrow irrigation for maize production in an arid area," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 45(3), pages 267-274, August.
    20. Linker, Raphael & Ioslovich, Ilya & Sylaios, Georgios & Plauborg, Finn & Battilani, Adriano, 2016. "Optimal model-based deficit irrigation scheduling using AquaCrop: A simulation study with cotton, potato and tomato," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 236-243.
    21. Jiang, Xuelian & Kang, Shaozhong & Tong, Ling & Li, Fusheng & Li, Donghao & Ding, Risheng & Qiu, Rangjian, 2014. "Crop coefficient and evapotranspiration of grain maize modified by planting density in an arid region of northwest China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 135-143.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Richwell Mubita Mwiya & Zhanyu Zhang & Chengxin Zheng & Ce Wang, 2020. "Comparison of Approaches for Irrigation Scheduling Using AquaCrop and NSGA-III Models under Climate Uncertainty," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-20, September.
    2. Yang, Hui & Du, Taisheng & Mao, Xiaomin & Ding, Risheng & Shukla, Manoj K., 2019. "A comprehensive method of evaluating the impact of drought and salt stress on tomato growth and fruit quality based on EPIC growth model," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 116-127.
    3. Li, Jiang & Shang, Songhao & Jiang, Hongzhe & Song, Jian & Rahman, Khalil Ur & Adeloye, Adebayo J., 2021. "Simulation-based optimization for spatiotemporal allocation of irrigation water in arid region," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    4. Liu, Meihan & Shi, Haibin & Paredes, Paula & Ramos, Tiago B. & Dai, Liping & Feng, Zhuangzhuang & Pereira, Luis S., 2022. "Estimating and partitioning maize evapotranspiration as affected by salinity using weighing lysimeters and the SIMDualKc model," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    5. Yunfeng Li & Quanqing Feng & Dongwei Li & Mingfa Li & Huifeng Ning & Qisheng Han & Abdoul Kader Mounkaila Hamani & Yang Gao & Jingsheng Sun, 2022. "Water-Salt Thresholds of Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) under Film Drip Irrigation in Arid Saline-Alkali Area," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-21, October.
    6. Xu, Junzeng & Bai, Wenhuan & Li, Yawei & Wang, Haiyu & Yang, Shihong & Wei, Zheng, 2019. "Modeling rice development and field water balance using AquaCrop model under drying-wetting cycle condition in eastern China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 289-297.
    7. He, Liuyue & Xue, Jingyuan & Wang, Sufen, 2023. "WHCrop: A novel water-heat driven crop model for estimating the spatiotemporal dynamics of crop growth for arid region," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 287(C).
    8. Liu, Meihan & Paredes, Paula & Shi, Haibin & Ramos, Tiago B. & Dou, Xu & Dai, Liping & Pereira, Luis S., 2022. "Impacts of a shallow saline water table on maize evapotranspiration and groundwater contribution using static water table lysimeters and the dual Kc water balance model SIMDualKc," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 273(C).
    9. Pengrui Ai & Yingjie Ma, 2020. "Estimation of Evapotranspiration of a Jujube/Cotton Intercropping System in an Arid Area Based on the Dual Crop Coefficient Method," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-14, March.
    10. Cheng, Minghui & Wang, Haidong & Fan, Junliang & Xiang, Youzhen & Liu, Xiaoqiang & Liao, Zhenqi & Abdelghany, Ahmed Elsayed & Zhang, Fucang & Li, Zhijun, 2022. "Evaluation of AquaCrop model for greenhouse cherry tomato with plastic film mulch under various water and nitrogen supplies," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).
    11. Chu, Xiaosheng & Flerchinger, Gerald N. & Ma, Liwang & Fang, Quanxiao & Malone, Robert W. & Yu, Qiang & He, Jianqiang & Wang, Naijiang & Feng, Hao & Zou, Yufeng, 2022. "Development of RZ-SHAW for simulating plastic mulch effects on soil water, soil temperature, and surface energy balance in a maize field," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    12. Sandhu, Rupinder & Irmak, Suat, 2019. "Performance of AquaCrop model in simulating maize growth, yield, and evapotranspiration under rainfed, limited and full irrigation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 223(C), pages 1-1.
    13. Feng, Dingrui & Li, Guangyong & Wang, Dan & Wulazibieke, Mierguli & Cai, Mingkun & Kang, Jing & Yuan, Zicheng & Xu, Houcheng, 2022. "Evaluation of AquaCrop model performance under mulched drip irrigation for maize in Northeast China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    14. Li, Jiang & Song, Jian & Li, Mo & Shang, Songhao & Mao, Xiaomin & Yang, Jian & Adeloye, Adebayo J., 2018. "Optimization of irrigation scheduling for spring wheat based on simulation-optimization model under uncertainty," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 245-260.
    15. Zhang, Wang & Tian, Yong & Sun, Zan & Zheng, Chunmiao, 2021. "How does plastic film mulching affect crop water productivity in an arid river basin?," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    16. Sandhu, Rupinder & Irmak, Suat, 2019. "Assessment of AquaCrop model in simulating maize canopy cover, soil-water, evapotranspiration, yield, and water productivity for different planting dates and densities under irrigated and rainfed cond," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 224(C), pages 1-1.
    17. Tan, Shuai & Wang, Quanjiu & Zhang, Jihong & Chen, Yong & Shan, Yuyang & Xu, Di, 2018. "Performance of AquaCrop model for cotton growth simulation under film-mulched drip irrigation in southern Xinjiang, China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 99-113.
    18. He, Qinsi & Li, Sien & Kang, Shaozhong & Yang, Hanbo & Qin, Shujing, 2018. "Simulation of water balance in a maize field under film-mulching drip irrigation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 252-260.
    19. Zhang, Chao & Xie, Ziang & Wang, Qiaojuan & Tang, Min & Feng, Shaoyuan & Cai, Huanjie, 2022. "AquaCrop modeling to explore optimal irrigation of winter wheat for improving grain yield and water productivity," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    20. Pereira, L.S. & Paredes, P. & Hunsaker, D.J. & López-Urrea, R. & Mohammadi Shad, Z., 2021. "Standard single and basal crop coefficients for field crops. Updates and advances to the FAO56 crop water requirements method," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ran, Hui & Kang, Shaozhong & Li, Fusheng & Du, Taisheng & Tong, Ling & Li, Sien & Ding, Risheng & Zhang, Xiaotao, 2018. "Parameterization of the AquaCrop model for full and deficit irrigated maize for seed production in arid Northwest China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 438-450.
    2. Pereira, Luis S. & Paredes, Paula & Rodrigues, Gonçalo C. & Neves, Manuela, 2015. "Modeling malt barley water use and evapotranspiration partitioning in two contrasting rainfall years. Assessing AquaCrop and SIMDualKc models," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 239-254.
    3. Liu, Meihan & Shi, Haibin & Paredes, Paula & Ramos, Tiago B. & Dai, Liping & Feng, Zhuangzhuang & Pereira, Luis S., 2022. "Estimating and partitioning maize evapotranspiration as affected by salinity using weighing lysimeters and the SIMDualKc model," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    4. López-Urrea, R. & Domínguez, A. & Pardo, J.J. & Montoya, F. & García-Vila, M. & Martínez-Romero, A., 2020. "Parameterization and comparison of the AquaCrop and MOPECO models for a high-yielding barley cultivar under different irrigation levels," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    5. Pereira, L.S. & Paredes, P. & Hunsaker, D.J. & López-Urrea, R. & Mohammadi Shad, Z., 2021. "Standard single and basal crop coefficients for field crops. Updates and advances to the FAO56 crop water requirements method," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    6. Miao, Qingfeng & Rosa, Ricardo D. & Shi, Haibin & Paredes, Paula & Zhu, Li & Dai, Jiaxin & Gonçalves, José M. & Pereira, Luis S., 2016. "Modeling water use, transpiration and soil evaporation of spring wheat–maize and spring wheat–sunflower relay intercropping using the dual crop coefficient approach," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 211-229.
    7. Adeboye, Omotayo B. & Schultz, Bart & Adekalu, Kenneth O. & Prasad, Krishna C., 2019. "Performance evaluation of AquaCrop in simulating soil water storage, yield, and water productivity of rainfed soybeans (Glycine max L. merr) in Ile-Ife, Nigeria," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 1130-1146.
    8. Zhao, Peng & Kang, Shaozhong & Li, Sien & Ding, Risheng & Tong, Ling & Du, Taisheng, 2018. "Seasonal variations in vineyard ET partitioning and dual crop coefficients correlate with canopy development and surface soil moisture," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 19-33.
    9. Pereira, L.S. & Paredes, P. & Melton, F. & Johnson, L. & Wang, T. & López-Urrea, R. & Cancela, J.J. & Allen, R.G., 2020. "Prediction of crop coefficients from fraction of ground cover and height. Background and validation using ground and remote sensing data," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    10. Ćosić, Marija & Stričević, Ružica & Djurović, Nevenka & Moravčević, Djordje & Pavlović, Miloš & Todorović, Mladen, 2017. "Predicting biomass and yield of sweet pepper grown with and without plastic film mulching under different water supply and weather conditions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 91-100.
    11. Pereira, L.S. & Paredes, P. & Melton, F. & Johnson, L. & Mota, M. & Wang, T., 2021. "Prediction of crop coefficients from fraction of ground cover and height: Practical application to vegetable, field and fruit crops with focus on parameterization," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 252(C).
    12. Zhang, Ting & Zuo, Qiang & Ma, Ning & Shi, Jianchu & Fan, Yuchuan & Wu, Xun & Wang, Lichun & Xue, Xuzhang & Ben-Gal, Alon, 2023. "Optimizing relative root-zone water depletion thresholds to maximize yield and water productivity of winter wheat using AquaCrop," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).
    13. Jiang, Xuelian & Kang, Shaozhong & Tong, Ling & Li, Sien & Ding, Risheng & Du, Taisheng, 2019. "Modeling evapotranspiration and its components of maize for seed production in an arid region of northwest China using a dual crop coefficient and multisource models," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 222(C), pages 105-117.
    14. Toumi, J. & Er-Raki, S. & Ezzahar, J. & Khabba, S. & Jarlan, L. & Chehbouni, A., 2016. "Performance assessment of AquaCrop model for estimating evapotranspiration, soil water content and grain yield of winter wheat in Tensift Al Haouz (Morocco): Application to irrigation management," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 219-235.
    15. Paredes, Paula & Pereira, Luis S. & Rodrigues, Gonçalo C. & Botelho, Nuno & Torres, Maria Odete, 2017. "Using the FAO dual crop coefficient approach to model water use and productivity of processing pea (Pisum sativum L.) as influenced by irrigation strategies," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 5-18.
    16. Er-Raki, S. & Bouras, E. & Rodriguez, J.C. & Watts, C.J. & Lizarraga-Celaya, C. & Chehbouni, A., 2021. "Parameterization of the AquaCrop model for simulating table grapes growth and water productivity in an arid region of Mexico," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
    17. Dhouib, M. & Zitouna-Chebbi, R. & Prévot, L. & Molénat, J. & Mekki, I. & Jacob, F., 2022. "Multicriteria evaluation of the AquaCrop crop model in a hilly rainfed Mediterranean agrosystem," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 273(C).
    18. Feng, Yu & Gong, Daozhi & Mei, Xurong & Hao, Weiping & Tang, Dahua & Cui, Ningbo, 2017. "Energy balance and partitioning in partial plastic mulched and non-mulched maize fields on the Loess Plateau of China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 193-206.
    19. Jovanovic, N. & Pereira, L.S. & Paredes, P. & Pôças, I. & Cantore, V. & Todorovic, M., 2020. "A review of strategies, methods and technologies to reduce non-beneficial consumptive water use on farms considering the FAO56 methods," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 239(C).
    20. Zhang, Chao & Xie, Ziang & Wang, Qiaojuan & Tang, Min & Feng, Shaoyuan & Cai, Huanjie, 2022. "AquaCrop modeling to explore optimal irrigation of winter wheat for improving grain yield and water productivity," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:agisys:v:151:y:2017:i:c:p:20-32. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/agsy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.