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Cost-efficiency of animal welfare in broiler production systems: A pilot study using the Welfare Quality® assessment protocol

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  • Gocsik, Éva
  • Brooshooft, Suzanne D.
  • de Jong, Ingrid C.
  • Saatkamp, Helmut W.

Abstract

Broiler producers operate in a highly competitive and cost-price driven environment. In addition, in recent years the societal pressure to improve animal welfare (AW) in broiler production systems is increasing. Hence, from an economic and decision making point of view, the cost-efficiency of improvement in AW obtained from a certain production system is of great importance. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to analyze the contribution of four different production systems to overall AW and the cost-efficiency of increased AW at the farm level. Cost-efficiency was calculated as the ratio of the change in the level of animal welfare and the change in the level of production costs compared to the level of conventional system (i.e., legal minimum standards). The level of AW was measured by the Welfare Quality index score (WQ index score) calculated on the basis of data collected in 168 flocks in the Netherlands, United Kingdom and Italy within the Welfare Quality® project. On the basis of system attributes, three main segments of production systems are distinguished, i.e., conventional, middle-market and top-market systems. The middle-market and top-market systems use a slow growing breed. Stocking density ranges from 25 to 31kg/m2 in middle-market systems and from 21 to 27.5kg/m2 in top-market systems. In the middle-market systems, a covered veranda is provided to the chickens, whereas in the top-market systems chickens have access to an outdoor range. Results show that the middle-market systems, such as Volwaard and Puur & Eerlijk systems, had the highest WQ index score (736), whereas the conventional system had the lowest (577). Moreover, the WQ index score of extensive outdoor (733) and organic systems (698) was below that of the middle-market systems. The major system attributes that differentiate between production systems are broiler type, stocking density and outdoor access. Three system attributes contributed most to AW in all systems, i.e., broiler type, stocking density and length of the dark period. With respect to production costs, broiler chickens kept in conventional system were produced at the lowest costs, followed by the middle-market, the extensive outdoor, and the organic systems. With regard to cost-efficiency, when shifting from conventional to an alternative system, middle-market systems (i.e., Volwaard and Puur & Eerlijk; 8.37) outperformed the extensive outdoor (3.90) and organic systems (1.03). Overall, it can be concluded that the middle-market systems could be attractive for farmers due to their high cost-efficiency and the flexibility to revert to the conventional system.

Suggested Citation

  • Gocsik, Éva & Brooshooft, Suzanne D. & de Jong, Ingrid C. & Saatkamp, Helmut W., 2016. "Cost-efficiency of animal welfare in broiler production systems: A pilot study using the Welfare Quality® assessment protocol," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 55-69.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agisys:v:146:y:2016:i:c:p:55-69
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2016.04.001
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. de Jonge, Janneke & van Trijp, Hans, 2014. "Heterogeneity in consumer perceptions of the animal friendliness of broiler production systems," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 49(P1), pages 174-185.
    2. Jones, Tracey & Feber, Ruth & Hemery, Gabriel & Cook, Paul & James, Katy & Lamberth, Curt & Dawkins, Marian, 2007. "Welfare and environmental benefits of integrating commercially viable free-range broiler chickens into newly planted woodland: A UK case study," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 94(2), pages 177-188, May.
    3. Marian Stamp Dawkins & Christl A. Donnelly & Tracey A. Jones, 2004. "Chicken welfare is influenced more by housing conditions than by stocking density," Nature, Nature, vol. 427(6972), pages 342-344, January.
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    1. Schulte, Hinrich D. & Armbrecht, Linda & Bürger, Rasmus & Gauly, Matthias & Musshoff, Oliver & Hüttel, Silke, 2018. "Let the cows graze: An empirical investigation on the trade-off between efficiency and farm animal welfare in milk production," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 375-385.
    2. Uehleke, Reinhard & Seifert, Stefan & Hüttel, Silke, 2020. "Animal welfare and production efficiency in German pork production," 60th Annual Conference, Halle/ Saale, Germany, September 23-25, 2020 305600, German Association of Agricultural Economists (GEWISOLA).
    3. Marc B M Bracke & Paul Koene & Inma Estevez & Andy Butterworth & Ingrid C de Jong, 2019. "Broiler welfare trade-off: A semi-quantitative welfare assessment for optimised welfare improvement based on an expert survey," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(10), pages 1-24, October.
    4. Heitor Vieira Rios & Paulo Dabdab Waquil & Patrícia Soster de Carvalho & Tomas Norton, 2020. "How Are Information Technologies Addressing Broiler Welfare? A Systematic Review Based on the Welfare Quality ® Assessment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-34, February.
    5. Vassilios Dotas & Dimitrios Gourdouvelis & Lampros Hatzizisis & Ioannis Kaimakamis & Ioannis Mitsopoulos & George Symeon, 2021. "Typology, Structural Characterization and Sustainability of Integrated Broiler Farming System in Epirus, Greece," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-14, November.
    6. Bertrand Méda & Léonie Dusart & Juliette Protino & Philippe Lescoat & Cécile Berri & Pascale Magdelaine & Isabelle Bouvarel, 2021. "OVALI, Sustainability for Poultry ® : A Method Co-Designed by Stakeholders to Assess the Sustainability of Chicken Supply Chains in Their Territories," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-19, January.
    7. Vissers, Luuk S.M. & Saatkamp, Helmut W. & Oude Lansink, Alfons G.J.M., 2021. "Analysis of synergies and trade-offs between animal welfare, ammonia emission, particulate matter emission and antibiotic use in Dutch broiler production systems," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    8. Uehleke, Reinhard & Seifert, Stefan & Hüttel, Silke, 2020. "Animal welfare and production efficiency in German pork production," 94th Annual Conference, April 15-17, 2020, K U Leuven, Belgium (Cancelled) 303695, Agricultural Economics Society - AES.

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