IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eco/journ2/2023-02-30.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Exploring the Time-varying Connectedness and Contagion Effects among Exchange Rates of BRICS, Energy Commodities, and Volatilities

Author

Listed:
  • Thobekile Qabhobho

    (Department of Economics, Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa,)

  • Anokye M. Adam

    (Department of Finance, School of Business, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.)

  • Anthony Adu-Asare Idun

    (Department of Finance, School of Business, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.)

  • Emmanuel Asafo-Adjei

    (Department of Finance, School of Business, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.)

  • Ebenezer Boateng

    (Department of Finance, School of Business, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.)

Abstract

This paper investigates the total and net directional connectedness of the energy market and currency market amid volatilities (local and international) of BRICS for the period May 7, 2012 to March 31, 2022. The Time-varying parameter Vector Autoregression (TVP-VAR) connectedness approach is specifically employed. We reveal that the average value of the total connectedness index (TCI) is 46.91%, for the specific network of energy commodities, currency rates, and volatilities. Also, from the averaged dynamic connectedness, the global energy commodity index demonstrated the most transmitter of shocks. Conversely, BRICS currency markets (except for Brazilian Rubble) and most implied energy volatilities and realised exchange rate volatilities were net receivers of shocks. Moreover, the total connectivity indices were seen to vary significantly during the study sample period with strong susceptibility to crisis periods, especially, the COVID-19 pandemic. We advocate that most volatilities were consistent net transmitters across time as indicated by the net directional connectedness. The findings imply that in a network of energy commodities, exchange rate, and volatilities, risk minimisation is elated to boost investors confidence across time.

Suggested Citation

  • Thobekile Qabhobho & Anokye M. Adam & Anthony Adu-Asare Idun & Emmanuel Asafo-Adjei & Ebenezer Boateng, 2023. "Exploring the Time-varying Connectedness and Contagion Effects among Exchange Rates of BRICS, Energy Commodities, and Volatilities," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 13(2), pages 272-283, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:eco:journ2:2023-02-30
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijeep/article/download/13846/7211
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijeep/article/view/13846
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Diebold, Francis X. & Yilmaz, Kamil, 2012. "Better to give than to receive: Predictive directional measurement of volatility spillovers," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 28(1), pages 57-66.
    2. Bouri, Elie & Cepni, Oguzhan & Gabauer, David & Gupta, Rangan, 2021. "Return connectedness across asset classes around the COVID-19 outbreak," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    3. Diebold, Francis X. & Yılmaz, Kamil, 2014. "On the network topology of variance decompositions: Measuring the connectedness of financial firms," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 182(1), pages 119-134.
    4. Liu, Zhenhua & Tseng, Hui-Kuan & Wu, Jy S. & Ding, Zhihua, 2020. "Implied volatility relationships between crude oil and the U.S. stock markets: Dynamic correlation and spillover effects," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    5. Koop, Gary & Korobilis, Dimitris, 2014. "A new index of financial conditions," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 101-116.
    6. Ma, Yan-Ran & Zhang, Dayong & Ji, Qiang & Pan, Jiaofeng, 2019. "Spillovers between oil and stock returns in the US energy sector: Does idiosyncratic information matter?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 536-544.
    7. Antonakakis, Nikolaos & Gabauer, David & Gupta, Rangan & Plakandaras, Vasilios, 2018. "Dynamic connectedness of uncertainty across developed economies: A time-varying approach," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 63-75.
    8. Singh, Vipul Kumar & Nishant, Shreyank & Kumar, Pawan, 2018. "Dynamic and directional network connectedness of crude oil and currencies: Evidence from implied volatility," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 48-63.
    9. Pesaran, H. Hashem & Shin, Yongcheol, 1998. "Generalized impulse response analysis in linear multivariate models," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 58(1), pages 17-29, January.
    10. Samuel Kwaku Agyei & Anokye Mohammed Adam & Ahmed Bossman & Oliver Asiamah & Peterson Owusu Junior & Roberta Asafo-Adjei & Emmanuel Asafo-Adjei, 2022. "Does volatility in cryptocurrencies drive the interconnectedness between the cryptocurrencies market? Insights from wavelets," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 10(1), pages 2061682-206, December.
    11. Wenting Zhang & Xie He & Tadahiro Nakajima & Shigeyuki Hamori, 2020. "How Does the Spillover among Natural Gas, Crude Oil, and Electricity Utility Stocks Change over Time? Evidence from North America and Europe," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-26, February.
    12. Nikolaos Antonakakis & Ioannis Chatziantoniou & David Gabauer, 2020. "Refined Measures of Dynamic Connectedness based on Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregressions," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-23, April.
    13. Koop, Gary, 1996. "Parameter uncertainty and impulse response analysis," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 72(1-2), pages 135-149.
    14. Ji, Qiang & Li, Jianping & Sun, Xiaolei, 2019. "Measuring the interdependence between investor sentiment and crude oil returns: New evidence from the CFTC's disaggregated reports," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 420-425.
    15. Balcilar, Mehmet & Gabauer, David & Umar, Zaghum, 2021. "Crude Oil futures contracts and commodity markets: New evidence from a TVP-VAR extended joint connectedness approach," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    16. Antonakakis, Nikolaos & Kizys, Renatas, 2015. "Dynamic spillovers between commodity and currency markets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 303-319.
    17. Emmanuel Asafo-Adjei & Peterson Owusu Junior & Anokye M. Adam & Paulo Jorge Silveira Ferreira, 2021. "Information Flow between Global Equities and Cryptocurrencies: A VMD-Based Entropy Evaluating Shocks from COVID-19 Pandemic," Complexity, Hindawi, vol. 2021, pages 1-25, October.
    18. Bouri, Elie & Lucey, Brian & Saeed, Tareq & Vo, Xuan Vinh, 2021. "The realized volatility of commodity futures: Interconnectedness and determinants#," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 139-151.
    19. Kenneth Rogoff, 1999. "International Institutions for Reducing Global Financial Instability," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 13(4), pages 21-42, Fall.
    20. Sensoy, Ahmet & Hacihasanoglu, Erk & Nguyen, Duc Khuong, 2015. "Dynamic convergence of commodity futures: Not all types of commodities are alike," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 150-160.
    21. Gabauer, David, 2021. "Dynamic measures of asymmetric & pairwise connectedness within an optimal currency area: Evidence from the ERM I system," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    22. Adekoya, Oluwasegun B. & Oliyide, Johnson A., 2021. "How COVID-19 drives connectedness among commodity and financial markets: Evidence from TVP-VAR and causality-in-quantiles techniques," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    23. Ji, Qiang & Bouri, Elie & Roubaud, David & Kristoufek, Ladislav, 2019. "Information interdependence among energy, cryptocurrency and major commodity markets," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 1042-1055.
    24. Ahmad, Wasim & Hernandez, Jose Arreola & Saini, Seema & Mishra, Ritesh Kumar, 2021. "The US equity sectors, implied volatilities, and COVID-19: What does the spillover analysis reveal?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    25. Prasad Bal, Debi & Narayan Rath, Badri, 2015. "Nonlinear causality between crude oil price and exchange rate: A comparative study of China and India," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 149-156.
    26. Collins Baffour Kyei & Emmanuel Asafo-Adjei & Peterson Owusu Junior & Anokye Mohammed Adam & Anthony Adu-Asare Idun & Justice K.G Agyenim Boateng, 2023. "Nexus between commodities and banking sector financial soundness: The role of general macroeconomic setting in Ghana," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(1), pages 2173871-217, December.
    27. Yue Liu & Pierre Failler & Jiaying Peng & Yuhang Zheng, 2020. "Time-Varying Relationship between Crude Oil Price and Exchange Rate in the Context of Structural Breaks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-17, May.
    28. Gilbert K. Amoako & Emmanuel Asafo-Adjei & Kofi Mintah Oware & Anokye M. Adam & Stefan Cristian Gherghina, 2022. "Do Volatilities Matter in the Interconnectedness between World Energy Commodities and Stock Markets of BRICS?," Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, Hindawi, vol. 2022, pages 1-13, April.
    29. Anupam Dutta & Elie Bouri & David Roubaud, 2021. "Modelling the volatility of crude oil returns: Jumps and volatility forecasts," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(1), pages 889-897, January.
    30. Ding, Qian & Huang, Jianbai & Chen, Jinyu, 2021. "Dynamic and frequency-domain risk spillovers among oil, gold, and foreign exchange markets: Evidence from implied volatility," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    31. Peterson Owusu Junior & Stefan Cristian Gherghina, 2022. "Dynamic Connectedness, Spillovers, and Delayed Contagion between Islamic and Conventional Bond Markets: Time- and Frequency-Domain Approach in COVID-19 Era," Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, Hindawi, vol. 2022, pages 1-18, March.
    32. Boateng, Ebenezer & Asafo-Adjei, Emmanuel & Addison, Alex & Quaicoe, Serebour & Yusuf, Mawusi Ayisat & Abeka, Mac Junior & Adam, Anokye M., 2022. "Interconnectedness among commodities, the real sector of Ghana and external shocks," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    33. Gong, Xu & Liu, Yun & Wang, Xiong, 2021. "Dynamic volatility spillovers across oil and natural gas futures markets based on a time-varying spillover method," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    34. Scott R. Baker & Nicholas Bloom & Steven J. Davis & Kyle J. Kost & Marco C. Sammon & Tasaneeya Viratyosin, 2020. "The Unprecedented Stock Market Impact of COVID-19," NBER Working Papers 26945, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    35. Prince Mensah Osei & Anokye M. Adam, 2020. "Quantifying the Information Flow between Ghana Stock Market Index and Its Constituents Using Transfer Entropy," Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Hindawi, vol. 2020, pages 1-10, August.
    36. Koop, Gary & Pesaran, M. Hashem & Potter, Simon M., 1996. "Impulse response analysis in nonlinear multivariate models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 74(1), pages 119-147, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Asafo-Adjei, Emmanuel & Tiwari, Aviral Kumar & Abakah, Emmanuel Joel Aikins & Lee, Chi-Chuan, 2024. "Risk synchronization in Australia stock market: A sector analysis," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 93(PA), pages 582-610.
    2. Nonelelo Vuba & Thobekile Qabhobho, 2024. "The Risk Transfer among Exchange Rates, Energy Commodities, and Agricultural Commodity Prices in SADC Countries," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 14(2), pages 287-298, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Wang, Tiantian & Wu, Fei & Zhang, Dayong & Ji, Qiang, 2023. "Energy market reforms in China and the time-varying connectedness of domestic and international markets," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    2. Huang, Jionghao & Chen, Baifan & Xu, Yushi & Xia, Xiaohua, 2023. "Time-frequency volatility transmission among energy commodities and financial markets during the COVID-19 pandemic: A Novel TVP-VAR frequency connectedness approach," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    3. Stenfors, Alexis & Chatziantoniou, Ioannis & Gabauer, David, 2022. "Independent policy, dependent outcomes: A game of cross-country dominoes across European yield curves," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    4. Cui, Jinxin & Maghyereh, Aktham, 2023. "Higher-order moment risk connectedness and optimal investment strategies between international oil and commodity futures markets: Insights from the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia-Ukraine conflict," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    5. Antonakakis, Nikolaos & Cunado, Juncal & Filis, George & Gabauer, David & de Gracia, Fernando Perez, 2023. "Dynamic connectedness among the implied volatilities of oil prices and financial assets: New evidence of the COVID-19 pandemic," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 114-123.
    6. Ghaemi Asl, Mahdi & Adekoya, Oluwasegun Babatunde & Rashidi, Muhammad Mahdi & Ghasemi Doudkanlou, Mohammad & Dolatabadi, Ali, 2022. "Forecast of Bayesian-based dynamic connectedness between oil market and Islamic stock indices of Islamic oil-exporting countries: Application of the cascade-forward backpropagation network," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    7. Umar, Zaghum & Mokni, Khaled & Escribano, Ana, 2022. "Connectedness between the COVID-19 related media coverage and Islamic equities: The role of economic policy uncertainty," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    8. Zhang, Yulian & Hamori, Shigeyuki, 2021. "Do news sentiment and the economic uncertainty caused by public health events impact macroeconomic indicators? Evidence from a TVP-VAR decomposition approach," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 145-162.
    9. Shi, Huai-Long & Zhou, Wei-Xing, 2022. "Factor volatility spillover and its implications on factor premia," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    10. Gabauer, David & Chatziantoniou, Ioannis & Stenfors, Alexis, 2023. "Model-free connectedness measures," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    11. Yousaf, Imran & Jareño, Francisco & Tolentino, Marta, 2023. "Connectedness between Defi assets and equity markets during COVID-19: A sector analysis," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    12. Zaghum Umar & Oluwasegun Babatunde Adekoya & Mariya Gubareva & Sabri Boubaker, 2024. "Returns and volatility connectedness among the Eurozone equity markets," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(3), pages 3103-3122, July.
    13. Lang, Chunlin & Xu, Danyang & Corbet, Shaen & Hu, Yang & Goodell, John W., 2024. "Global financial risk and market connectedness: An empirical analysis of COVOL and major financial markets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    14. Aharon, David Y. & Kizys, Renatas & Umar, Zaghum & Zaremba, Adam, 2023. "Did David win a battle or the war against Goliath? Dynamic return and volatility connectedness between the GameStop stock and the high short interest indices," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    15. Supanee Harnphattananusorn, 2024. "Spillover Effects between Oil, Gold, Stock, and Exchange Rate Returns in Thailand: An Extended Joint Connected TVP-VAR Approach," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 14(5), pages 62-72, September.
    16. Chen, Huayi & Shi, Huai-Long & Zhou, Wei-Xing, 2024. "Carbon volatility connectedness and the role of external uncertainties: Evidence from China," Journal of Commodity Markets, Elsevier, vol. 33(C).
    17. Mishra, Aswini Kumar & Ghate, Kshitish, 2022. "Dynamic connectedness in non-ferrous commodity markets: Evidence from India using TVP-VAR and DCC-GARCH approaches," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    18. Asadi, Mehrad & Roudari, Soheil & Tiwari, Aviral Kumar & Roubaud, David, 2023. "Scrutinizing commodity markets by quantile spillovers: A case study of the Australian economy," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    19. Balcilar, Mehmet & Gabauer, David & Umar, Zaghum, 2021. "Crude Oil futures contracts and commodity markets: New evidence from a TVP-VAR extended joint connectedness approach," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    20. Chatziantoniou, Ioannis & Gabauer, David & Gupta, Rangan, 2023. "Integration and risk transmission in the market for crude oil: New evidence from a time-varying parameter frequency connectedness approach," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Time-varying; Heterogeneity; Volatility spillover; Adaptive market hypothesis; Energy commodities;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G10 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)
    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets
    • G19 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Other
    • O13 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Environment; Other Primary Products

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eco:journ2:2023-02-30. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Ilhan Ozturk (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.econjournals.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.