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Einkommensungleichheit in Deutschland bleibt weiterhin hoch: junge Alleinlebende und Berufseinsteiger sind zunehmend von Armut bedroht

Author

Listed:
  • Jan Goebel
  • Markus M. Grabka
  • Carsten Schröder

Abstract

According to calculations based on the Socio- Economic Panel (SOEP) study, average disposable household income rose by five percent in real terms between 2000 and 2012. Only the highest earners have benefited from this development. While real income in the top ten percent rose by more than 15 percent, the earnings of the middle income groups stagnated, and even fell in the lower income groups. As a result, the inequality of disposable household income in Germany climbed sharply up until 2005 and has remained at the same high level ever since. At the same time, the risk of poverty in Germany increased significantly between 2000 and 2009, and is currently at approximately 14 percent. The risk of poverty has risen significantly for young singles (up to the age of 35) in particular. Their at-risk-of-poverty rate increased by 12 percentage points since 2000 to just under 40 percent in 2012. Even being in gainful employment does not necessarily protect them from poverty: in particular, young adults (aged 25 to 35) who are just starting out in their careers are increasingly at risk of poverty. Das durchschnittliche reale verfügbare Haushaltseinkommen ist nach Berechnungen auf Basis des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) von 2000 bis 2012 um fünf Prozent gestiegen. Von dieser Entwicklung profitieren aber nur die oberen Einkommensgruppen. Während die realen Einkommen der obersten zehn Prozent um mehr als 15 Prozent stiegen, stagnierten sie in der Mitte der Einkommensverteilung und waren in den unteren Einkommensgruppen sogar rückläufig. Im Ergebnis ist die Ungleichheit der verfügbaren Haushaltseinkommen in Deutschland bis zum Jahr 2005 stark gestiegen und stagniert seitdem auf hohem Niveau. Parallel dazu hat das Armutsrisiko in Deutschland von 2000 bis 2009 signifikant zugenommen und liegt seither bei rund 14 Prozent. Vor allem für junge Alleinlebende (bis 35 Jahre) ist das Armutsrisiko deutlich gestiegen. Ihre Armutsrisikoquote hat sich seit 2000 um zwölf Prozentpunkte auf knapp 40 Prozent im Jahr 2012 erhöht. Auch Erwerbstätigkeit schützt nicht immer vor Armut: Vor allem Berufseinsteiger (25 bis 35 Jahre) sind zunehmend von Armut bedroht.

Suggested Citation

  • Jan Goebel & Markus M. Grabka & Carsten Schröder, 2015. "Einkommensungleichheit in Deutschland bleibt weiterhin hoch: junge Alleinlebende und Berufseinsteiger sind zunehmend von Armut bedroht," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 82(25), pages 571-586.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwwob:82-25-1
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Christine Mayrhuber, 2020. "Konsumstruktur und Abgabenlast der Pensionshaushalte in Österreich," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 67249, March.
    2. Stefan Bach, 2016. "Erbschaftsteuer, Vermögensteuer oder Kapitaleinkommensteuer: Wie sollen hohe Vermögen stärker besteuert werden?," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 1619, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    3. Andreas Peichl & Martin Ungerer & Richard Hauser & Stefan Sell & Judith Niehues & Christoph Schröder & Dorothee Spannagel & Anita Tiefensee & Helmut Dedy & Gerhard Bosch & Thorsten Kalina, 2017. "Mythos oder Realität: Werden die Armen immer ärmer und die Reichen immer reicher?," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 70(10), pages 03-26, May.
    4. Lemmer, Jens, 2016. "Abgeltungsteuer erhalten: Mehrbelastungen für Sparer vermeiden," DSi-Sonderinformationen 4, DSi - Deutsches Steuerzahlerinstitut des Bundes der Steuerzahler e.V., Berlin.
    5. Kai Daniel Schmid & Andreas Peichl & Moritz Drechsel-Grau, 2015. "Querverteilung und Spitzeneinkommen in Deutschland," IMK Report 108-2015, IMK at the Hans Boeckler Foundation, Macroeconomic Policy Institute.
    6. Bofinger, Peter & Schnabel, Isabel & Feld, Lars P. & Schmidt, Christoph M. & Wieland, Volker, 2015. "Zukunftsfähigkeit in den Mittelpunkt. Jahresgutachten 2015/16 [Focus on Future Viability. Annual Report 2015/16]," Annual Economic Reports / Jahresgutachten, German Council of Economic Experts / Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung, volume 127, number 201516, February.
    7. Theresa Köhler, 2016. "Income and Wealth Poverty in Germany," SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research 857, DIW Berlin, The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP).
    8. Kai Daniel Schmid & Andreas Peichl & Moritz Drechsel-Grau, 2015. "Factor shares, personal income distribution and top incomes in Germany," IMK Report 108e-2015, IMK at the Hans Boeckler Foundation, Macroeconomic Policy Institute.
    9. Hans-Jürgen Andreß, 2018. "Is material deprivation decreasing in Germany? A trend analysis using PASS data from 2006 to 2013," Journal for Labour Market Research, Springer;Institute for Employment Research/ Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), vol. 52(1), pages 1-16, December.
    10. Schulte, Isabella & Heindl, Peter, 2017. "Price and income elasticities of residential energy demand in Germany," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 512-528.
    11. Stichnoth, Holger, 2016. "Verteilungswirkungen ehe- und familienbezogener Leistungen und Maßnahmen: Kurzexpertise," ZEW Expertises, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research, number 144169.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Income inequality; poverty; SOEP;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • I31 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - General Welfare, Well-Being
    • I32 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty

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