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Nachhaltige Innovationen in der Landwirtschaft: komplexe Herausforderungen im Innovationssystem

Author

Listed:
  • Bettina König
  • Anett Kuntosch
  • Wolfgang Bokelmann
  • Alexandra Doernberg
  • Wim Schwerdtner
  • Maria Busse
  • Rosemarie Siebert
  • Knut Koschatzky
  • Thomas Stahlecker

Abstract

Agricultural innovations are meant to master global challenges such as climate change. However, they are often subject to highly controversial societal debates, such as in the case of genetic engineering or certain forms of animal production. This paper provides insight in the extent to which these conflicts are rooted in the conditions and processes of agricultural innovation. We analyze the German agricultural innovation system from an adapted systems perspective and present three case studies. These case studies potentially contribute to solving current challenges and are influenced in their development process by different factors: different technologies, actors, links to other branches, overlapping frame conditions and current challenges as well as societal debates. The innovation system concept applied to different system levels provides insight into interrelationships and hence allows us to identify starting points for improvement. The explanation and potential solution in mastering the high expectations on agricultural innovation and societal debates the authors point to two aspects: 1) As it is in many other areas trust is an important basis for innovative collaboration in small networks. (2) At the same time innovation success depends on the incorporation of societal trends in innovation processes, e. g. via a greater involvement of consumers and retailers at an early stage. Overall, besides the balancing of continuity and openness of agricultural innovation networks, our results raise questions for the (self-)concept and design of the agricultural innovation system, for incentives and shaping of interdisciplinary collaboration as well as for the (self-)role model of the involved actors. Innovationen in der Landwirtschaft sollen dazu beitragen, künftige Herausforderungen wie den Klimawandel oder Ressourcenknappheit zu bewältigen. Zudem stehen sie im Zentrum gesellschaftlicher Debatten, wie etwa aktuell über die Gentechnik oder über bestimmte Tierhaltungsformen. Der Beitrag liefert unter anderem Hinweise, inwieweit Ursachen für diese Konflikte in den Rahmenbedingungen und im Ablauf von Innovationsprozessen in der Landwirtschaft begründet sind. Dazu wird das Innovationssystem der deutschen Landwirtschaft aus einer innovationssystemtheoretischen Perspektive heraus beleuchtet und mit empirischen Befunden zu Innovationshemmnissen belegt. Die in drei Fallstudien untersuchten Innovationen sollen jeweils einen Beitrag zur Bewältigung aktueller Herausforderungen leisten und sind in ihrem Entstehungsprozess durch mehrere Faktoren beeinflusst: verschiedene Technologien, vielfältige Akteure, Verbindungen in andere Branchen, sich überschneidende Rahmenbedingungen und aktuelle Herausforderungen sowie gesellschaftliche Diskurse. Dabei ermöglichen der verwendete Innovationssystemansatz und die empirische Untersuchung auf mehreren Ebenen, Einsicht in die Wechselwirkungen zu erlangen und somit Ansatzpunkte für Veränderungen zu erkennen. Die hohen Anforderungen an Innovationen in der Landwirtschaft und die gesellschaftlichen Akzeptanzdebatten lassen sich aus Sicht der Autoren anhand folgender Aspekte erklären und lösen: (1) Voraussetzung für Innovation ist das Vorhandensein einer Vertrauensbasis. Diese entsteht in der Landwirtschaft - und nicht nur dort - vorrangig in kleineren, längerfristigen Netzwerken. (2) Der Erfolg von Innovationen hängt stark davon ab, dass gesellschaftliche Anforderungen in die Innovationsprozesse inte- griert werden, zum Beispiel durch die frühzeitige Einbeziehung von Handel und Verbrauchern. Die Ergebnisse werfen über diese Balance von Kontinuität und Offenheit von landwirtschaftlichen Innovationsnetzwerken hinaus Fragen nach dem (Selbst-)Verständnis und der Gestaltung des Innovationssystems, der Anreize und Gestaltung interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit sowie dem Rollenverständnis der Akteure auf.

Suggested Citation

  • Bettina König & Anett Kuntosch & Wolfgang Bokelmann & Alexandra Doernberg & Wim Schwerdtner & Maria Busse & Rosemarie Siebert & Knut Koschatzky & Thomas Stahlecker, 2012. "Nachhaltige Innovationen in der Landwirtschaft: komplexe Herausforderungen im Innovationssystem," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 81(4), pages 71-92.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwvjh:81-4-6
    DOI: 10.3790/vjh.81.4.71
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Malerba, Franco, 2002. "Sectoral systems of innovation and production," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 31(2), pages 247-264, February.
    2. Bengt-Åke Lundvall & K. J. Joseph & Cristina Chaminade & Jan Vang (ed.), 2009. "Handbook of Innovation Systems and Developing Countries," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 12943.
    3. Geels, Frank W., 2004. "From sectoral systems of innovation to socio-technical systems: Insights about dynamics and change from sociology and institutional theory," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 33(6-7), pages 897-920, September.
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    1. Berkes, Jessica & Ollier, Carla & Faletar, Ivica & Christoph-Schulz, Inken & Mergenthaler, Marcus, 2023. "Change talk: Levels of adaptability to the livestock sector transformation," International Journal on Food System Dynamics, International Center for Management, Communication, and Research, vol. 14(02), June.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Agricultural innovation policy; innovation mechanism; precision farming; animal monitoring; energy in horticulture;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • P48 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Other Economic Systems - - - Legal Institutions; Property Rights; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Regional Studies
    • Q16 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - R&D; Agricultural Technology; Biofuels; Agricultural Extension Services

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