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Dynamics in socio-technical systems: Typology of change processes and contrasting case studies

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  • Geels, Frank W.
  • Kemp, René

Abstract

This paper deals with fundamental change processes in socio-technical systems. It offers a typology of changes based on a multi-level perspective of innovation. Three types of change processes are identified: reproduction, transformation and transition. ‘Reproduction’ refers to incremental change along existing trajectories. ‘Transformation’ refers to a change in the direction of trajectories, related to a change in rules that guide innovative action. ‘Transition’ refers to a discontinuous shift to a new trajectory and system. Using the multi-level perspective, the underlying mechanisms of these change processes are identified. The transformation and transition processes are empirically illustrated by two contrasting case studies: the hygienic transition from cesspools to integrated sewer systems (1870–1930) and the transformation in waste management (1960–2000) in the Netherlands.

Suggested Citation

  • Geels, Frank W. & Kemp, René, 2007. "Dynamics in socio-technical systems: Typology of change processes and contrasting case studies," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 29(4), pages 441-455.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:teinso:v:29:y:2007:i:4:p:441-455
    DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2007.08.009
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