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Neubewertung des informellen Sektors und Unternehmertums in Sub-Sahara-Afrika

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  • Michael Grimm
  • Rolph van der Hoeven
  • Jann Lay
  • Francois Roubaud

Abstract

Small-scale economic activities in the informal sector usually account for an important share of production in developing countries. Classical theories of structural change and economic growth assume that the modern sector would sooner or later absorb the workers employed in the informal sector. This has happened in some developing economies, but often not to the extent expected. This is a motivation to challenge some common assumptions and views on the informal entrepreneurial sector. We argue that the typical informal enterprise should not be considered a subsistence enterprise. We justify this in particular with the very high marginal returns to capital that can be earned in these enterprises. These high returns remain however unexploited due to a number of economic, institutional and social constraints. While institutional and credit constraints have been stressed in the literature, risk and social constraints have not, but play, as we show, an equally important role. Kleinunternehmerische Aktivitäten im informellen Sektor leisten üblicherweise einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Produktion in Entwicklungsländern. Klassische Theorien des strukturellen Wandels und ökonomischen Wachstums nehmen an, dass der moderne Sektor diejenigen, die im informellen Sektor beschäftigt sind, früher oder später absorbieren würde. Dies geschah in manchen Ländern, aber nicht im erwarteten Ausmaß. Dies sollte Anlass sein, einige allgemein akzeptierte Annahmen und Sichtweisen über den informellen Sektor zu überdenken. Wir argumentieren, dass das typische informelle Unternehmen nicht als Subsistenzunternehmung betrachtet werden sollte. Wir begründen dies insbesondere mit den allgemein sehr hohen Grenzerträgen des Kapitals, die in diesen Unternehmen verdient weren können. Aufgrund von ökonomischen, institutionellen und sozialen Beschränkungen, denen diese Unternehmen gegenüber stehen, werden diese hohen Erträge allerdings nicht realisiert. Während institutionelle und Kreditrestriktionen bereits viel in der Literatur diskutiert werden, ist dies weniger der Fall für Risiko und soziale Hindernisse. Diese spielen aber, wie wir zeigen, eine ebenso wichtige Rolle.

Suggested Citation

  • Michael Grimm & Rolph van der Hoeven & Jann Lay & Francois Roubaud, 2012. "Neubewertung des informellen Sektors und Unternehmertums in Sub-Sahara-Afrika," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 81(3), pages 69-83.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwvjh:81-3-7
    DOI: 10.3790/vjh.81.3.69
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. James R. Tybout, 2000. "Manufacturing Firms in Developing Countries: How Well Do They Do, and Why?," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 38(1), pages 11-44, March.
    2. Maloney, William F., 2004. "Informality Revisited," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 32(7), pages 1159-1178, July.
    3. Michael Grimm & Jens Krüger & Jann Lay, 2011. "Barriers To Entry And Returns To Capital In Informal Activities: Evidence From Sub‐Saharan Africa," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 57, pages 27-53, May.
    4. Mead, Donald C. & Morrisson, Christian, 1996. "The informal sector elephant," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 24(10), pages 1611-1619, October.
    5. David McKenzie & Christopher Woodruff, 2008. "Experimental Evidence on Returns to Capital and Access to Finance in Mexico," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 22(3), pages 457-482, November.
    6. Henley, Andrew & Arabsheibani, Reza & Carneiro, Francisco G., 2006. "On Defining and Measuring the Informal Sector," IZA Discussion Papers 2473, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    7. Julia Vaillant & Michael Grimm & Jann Lay & François Roubaud, 2014. "Informal sector dynamics in times of fragile growth: The case of Madagascar," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 26(4), pages 437-455, September.
    8. John Page, 2011. "Should Africa Industrialize?," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2011-047, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    9. Page, John, 2011. "Should Africa Industrialize?," WIDER Working Paper Series 047, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
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    1. repec:dau:papers:123456789/13410 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Philippe De Vreyer & François Roubaud, 2013. "Urban Labor Markets in Sub-Saharan Africa," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 15808.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Informal sector; micro and small firms; jobs; growth;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D13 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Household Production and Intrahouse Allocation
    • D22 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis
    • O12 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development

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