IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/dem/demres/v46y2022i23.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The ethnic wage penalty in Western European regions: Is the European integration model confirmed when differences within countries are considered?

Author

Listed:
  • Stefano Cantalini

    (Stockholms Universitet)

  • Raffaele Guetto

    (Università degli Studi di Firenze)

  • Nazareno Panichella

    (Università degli Studi di Milano (UNIMI))

Abstract

Background: The European model of integration of recent immigrants is characterised by a trade-off between employment and job quality, which takes different forms in Southern and Continental Europe. In Mediterranean countries, migrants have similar employment opportunities as natives, but they have high risks of entering the lowest strata of the occupational structure. In Continental Europe the trade-off is reversed: Migrants have lower employment opportunities, but once employed, they face a lower penalisation in terms of job quality than the one faced by immigrants living in Southern Europe. Objective: This work focuses on the regional heterogeneity of the model of inclusion of recent immigrants in the European labour markets, analysing how migrant–native gaps in wages and in the probability of (dependent) employment change across areas of the same country. Is the trade-off between employment and job quality confirmed when regional differences are considered? Are there gender differences in the models of inclusion? Methods: We used European Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS, 2009–2016) data and applied probit models with sample selection, estimated separately by region and gender. Results: Results show substantial regional heterogeneity in the ethnic penalties in Germany and in Southern Europe, especially in Greece and Italy. Moreover, when regional differences within countries were considered, the trade-off model of inclusion was confirmed only among men, while immigrant women’s model of inclusion turned out to be more mixed, with some European areas conforming to a ‘double-penalty’ model, whereas other areas showed patterns of immigrant disadvantage in line with an ‘integration’ model. Contribution: This work extends the literature by studying differences in the ethnic penalties at the regional level, focusing on both (dependent) employment probability and wage – an alternative indicator of migrants’ economic integration. Our results also suggest the importance of taking gender differences into account.

Suggested Citation

  • Stefano Cantalini & Raffaele Guetto & Nazareno Panichella, 2022. "The ethnic wage penalty in Western European regions: Is the European integration model confirmed when differences within countries are considered?," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 46(23), pages 681-693.
    • Handle: RePEc:dem:demres:v:46:y:2022:i:23
    DOI: 10.4054/DemRes.2022.46.23
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol46/23/46-23.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.4054/DemRes.2022.46.23?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. J. Paul Elhorst & Annette S. Zeilstra, 2007. "Labour force participation rates at the regional and national levels of the European Union: An integrated analysis," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 86(4), pages 525-549, November.
    2. Raffaele Guetto, 2018. "Employment Returns to Tertiary Education for Immigrants in Western Europe: Cross-Country Differences Before and After the Economic Crisis," Social Inclusion, Cogitatio Press, vol. 6(3), pages 64-77.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Panichella, Nazareno & Cantalini, Stefano, 2022. "Geographical Mobility and Occupational Achievement. A Longitudinal Analysis of South-to-North Internal Migration in Italy," SocArXiv sep2x, Center for Open Science.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mohl, Philipp & Hagen, Tobias, 2011. "Do EU structural funds promote regional employment? Evidence from dynamic panel data models," Working Paper Series 1403, European Central Bank.
    2. Tingzhu Li & Ran Liu & Wei Qi, 2019. "Regional Heterogeneity of Migrant Rent Affordability Stress in Urban China: A Comparison between Skilled and Unskilled Migrants at Prefecture Level and Above," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(21), pages 1-26, October.
    3. Alpay Filiztekin, 2009. "Regional unemployment in Turkey," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 88(4), pages 863-878, November.
    4. Yolanda Pena‐Boquete, 2009. "A comparative analysis of the evolution of gender wage discrimination: Spain vs. Galicia," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 88(1), pages 161-180, March.
    5. Filippa Bono & Maria Francesca Cracolici & Miranda Cuffaro, 2017. "A Hierarchical Model for Analysing Consumption Patterns in Italy Before and During the Great Recession," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 134(2), pages 421-436, November.
    6. Jorge Chica‐Olmo & Marina Checa‐Olivas, 2021. "Spatial impact of factors influencing the achievement of the Europa2020 employment targets," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 100(3), pages 633-649, June.
    7. An Liu & Inge Noback, 2011. "Determinants of regional female labour market participation in the Netherlands," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 47(3), pages 641-658, December.
    8. Peter Huber, 2009. "Regional Labour Market Disparities in an Enlarged European Union," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Paul Blokker & Bruno Dallago (ed.), Regional Diversity and Local Development in the New Member States, chapter 5, pages 122-165, Palgrave Macmillan.
    9. Frege, Carola M., 2023. "Social inequality and data sciences: the case of Germany," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 119813, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    10. José M. Pastor & Carlos Peraita & Francisco Pérez, 2016. "Estimating the long-term economic impacts of Spanish universities on the national economy," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 95(4), pages 673-692, November.
    11. Ángel L. Martín‐Román & Jaime Cuéllar‐Martín & Alfonso Moral, 2020. "Labor supply and the business cycle: The “bandwagon worker effect”," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 99(6), pages 1607-1642, December.
    12. Zhanhui Fu & Hongqiang Jiang & Jiajun Qiao & Xiaojun Jiang & Weichun He, 2023. "Gender Differences in Migrant Workers’ Wages and Their Influencing Factors in the Central Hilly Regions of China," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-16, July.
    13. Jouke Van Dijk, 2009. "Progress in Regional Science," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 88(1), pages 1-2, March.
    14. Alberto Díaz Dapena & Fernando Rubiera-Morollon & Dusan Paredes, 2019. "New Approach to Economic Convergence in the EU: A Multilevel Analysis from the Spatial Effects Perspective," International Regional Science Review, , vol. 42(3-4), pages 335-367, May.
    15. Luc Anselin, 2010. "Thirty years of spatial econometrics," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 89(1), pages 3-25, March.
    16. Marco Percoco, 2016. "Labour Market Institutions: Sensitivity to the Cycle and Impact of the Crisis in European Regions," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 107(3), pages 375-385, July.
    17. Enrique López-Bazo & Elisabet Motellón, 2013. "The regional distribution of unemployment: What do micro-data tell us?," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 92(2), pages 383-405, June.
    18. Duygu Buyukyazici, 2023. "The Gender Dimension of Industrial Diversification: What is the Role of Skills Gap?," Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography (PEEG) 2319, Utrecht University, Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Group Economic Geography, revised Sep 2023.
    19. Coro Chasco & Julie Le Gallo, 2012. "Hierarchy and spatial autocorrelation effects in hedonic models," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 32(2), pages 1474-1480.
    20. Prodromídis Pródromos-Ioánnis, 2010. "Analysing Local Employment and Unemployment in Greece Under Conventional Zoning Regimes and Partitions Extracted from the Data," European Spatial Research and Policy, Sciendo, vol. 17(1), pages 61-91, June.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    migration; integration; regions; wage discrimination; Europe; penalty;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J1 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics
    • Z0 - Other Special Topics - - General

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:dem:demres:v:46:y:2022:i:23. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Editorial Office (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.demogr.mpg.de/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.