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A reversal in the obesity epidemic? A quasi-cohort and gender-oriented analysis in Spain

Author

Listed:
  • Juan Manuel Garcia-Gonzalez

    (Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO))

  • Enrique Martin-Criado

    (Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO))

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of obesity has recently stabilized in some developed countries. Some studies show this stabilization in Spain, but they do not analyse its evolution by cohort. Objective: This paper analyses the transformation of the Spanish population over time and between quasi-cohorts of weight change by age and sex. Methods: Data was taken from seven waves of the National Health Survey of Spain between 1995 and 2017, with a sample of 100,206 individuals aged 20–79 years old. Adjusted prevalence of being overweight and obesity were calculated. The changes in body mass index (BMI) by sex and age, by and between quasi-birth cohorts, and over time were analysed using test of proportions, ANOVA, and the t-test. Results: The prevalence of excessive body weight has stabilized or decreased in men since 2017 and in women since 1997. Among men, the prevalence of obesity stabilized recently and weight gain with age decreased after the 1950s cohort. Among women, mean BMI and excessive body weight decreased after the 1940s cohort. Conclusions: Our findings showed a stabilization and subsequent decrease in excessive body weight that is recent among men but took place more than two decades ago among women. Contribution: This is the first study that analyses the evolution of obesity by comparing the age-related weight gains between quasi-cohorts. This is also the first study that analyses the stabilization of excessive body weight in Spain by quasi-cohort, age, and sex, and that shows that this stabilization is due to a bigger weight control among the older cohorts in the older ages.

Suggested Citation

  • Juan Manuel Garcia-Gonzalez & Enrique Martin-Criado, 2022. "A reversal in the obesity epidemic? A quasi-cohort and gender-oriented analysis in Spain," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 46(10), pages 273-290.
    • Handle: RePEc:dem:demres:v:46:y:2022:i:10
    DOI: 10.4054/DemRes.2022.46.10
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nikoletta Vidra & Maarten J. Bijlsma & Sergi Trias-Llimós & Fanny Janssen, 2018. "Past trends in obesity-attributable mortality in eight European countries: an application of age–period–cohort analysis," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 63(6), pages 683-692, July.
    2. Reither, Eric N. & Hauser, Robert M. & Yang, Yang, 2009. "Do birth cohorts matter? Age-period-cohort analyses of the obesity epidemic in the United States," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 69(10), pages 1439-1448, November.
    3. Baum II, Charles L. & Ruhm, Christopher J., 2009. "Age, socioeconomic status and obesity growth," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 28(3), pages 635-648, May.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    obesity; cohort analysis; Spain; body mass index; gender; quasi-cohorts;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J1 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics
    • Z0 - Other Special Topics - - General

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