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Determinants of rural out-migration in Ethiopia: Who stays and who goes?

Author

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  • Atsede Desta Tegegne

    (Universität für Bodenkultur Wien (BOKU))

  • Marianne Penker

    (Universität für Bodenkultur Wien (BOKU))

Abstract

Background: Rural out-migration is a common phenomenon in Ethiopia. Several studies explain migration as the outcome of an individual utility-maximizing decision. This perspective ignores the diversity of migration types and inadequately explains migration in the wider context of mutual and interdependent risk-sharing strategies of household members in response to locational advantages and disadvantages. Objective: The main objective of this study is to examine households' choice of short-term and long-term migration and its underlying determinants in different locational contexts. Methods: Based on the household-centred New Economics Labour Migration (NELM) framework, we conducted quasi-longitudinal and context-specific structured interviews with 553 randomly selected households in four rural study sites in north-west Ethiopia. The determinants of household migration decisions on the one hand and the variables explaining decisions for short-term and long-term migration were analysed in a binary logistic regression and a multinomial logistic regression. Results: The results show a positive relation between migration decisions and household variables such as a higher education status, perceived food insufficiency, female household heads, household-head age, household size, and number of economic activities. Beyond the NELM framework, location in different livelihood zones is also significant in diverging migration strategies. Short-term migration is very much driven by locational advantages and food insufficiency. The propensity for long-term migration significantly increases for households with a higher educational level, but declines with a rising number of dependent household members. Contribution: We contribute to the discussion of ambiguous determinants of migration and provide more differentiated insight into short-term and long-term migration decisions. Besides strong support for the NELM framework, we highlight the relevance of education for long-term migration and locational meso-level factors for short-term migration.

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  • Atsede Desta Tegegne & Marianne Penker, 2016. "Determinants of rural out-migration in Ethiopia: Who stays and who goes?," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 35(34), pages 1011-1044.
    • Handle: RePEc:dem:demres:v:35:y:2016:i:34
    DOI: 10.4054/DemRes.2016.35.34
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    5. Fassil Eshetu & Jema Haji & Mengistu Ketema & Abule Mehare, 2023. "Impact of Rural Out-Migration on Vulnerability to Rural Multidimensional Poverty in Southern Ethiopia," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 24(3), pages 1175-1209, September.
    6. Mussa, E.C. & Mirzabaev, A. & Admassie, A. & Rukundo, E.N., 2018. "Effects of childhood work on long-term out-migration decision in rural Ethiopia," 2018 Conference, July 28-August 2, 2018, Vancouver, British Columbia 276004, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    7. Martín, Iván & Nori, Michele & Bacchi, Alessia, 2017. "Effects of Youth Migration on Agricultural Production and Employment in the Rural Areas of Origin in Tunisia," 2017 Sixth AIEAA Conference, June 15-16, Piacenza, Italy 263007, Italian Association of Agricultural and Applied Economics (AIEAA).
    8. Kerilyn Schewel & Sonja Fransen, 2018. "Formal Education and Migration Aspirations in Ethiopia," Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 44(3), pages 555-587, September.
    9. Samuel Tumwesigye & Lisa-Marie Hemerijckx & Alfonse Opio & Jean Poesen & Matthias Vanmaercke & Ronald Twongyirwe & Anton Van Rompaey, 2021. "Who and Why? Understanding Rural Out-Migration in Uganda," Geographies, MDPI, vol. 1(2), pages 1-20, August.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    determinants; binary logistic regression; short-term migration; long-term migration; livelihood zones; household interviews;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J1 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics
    • Z0 - Other Special Topics - - General

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