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Stability and Change in Managerial Work Values: A Longitudinal Study of China, Hong Kong, and the U.S

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  • Ralston, David A.
  • Pounder, James
  • Lo, Carlos W. H.
  • Wong, Yim-Yu
  • Egri, Carolyn P.
  • Stauffer, Joseph

Abstract

This study presents a 12-year (1989-2001) longitudinal comparison of managerial values systems in China, Hong Kong, and the U.S. Using hierarchical cluster analysis, we test the validity of the three competing perspectives - convergence, divergence, and crossvergence - on values system evolution in these three societies. We use the sociocultural influence and business ideology influence typology as the foundation for developing our hypotheses. Additionally, we assess the contribution of the specific values within the values system to the overall system values findings. Our data most strongly support the multicultural crossvergence perspective. During a time period of stability in the U.S. and substantial change in both Hong Kong and China, the values of Hong Kong and China became more similar, while the values of these two Greater China societies became more different from those of the U.S.

Suggested Citation

  • Ralston, David A. & Pounder, James & Lo, Carlos W. H. & Wong, Yim-Yu & Egri, Carolyn P. & Stauffer, Joseph, 2006. "Stability and Change in Managerial Work Values: A Longitudinal Study of China, Hong Kong, and the U.S," Management and Organization Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 2(1), pages 67-94, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:cup:maorev:v:2:y:2006:i:01:p:67-94_00
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    Cited by:

    1. Björkman, Ingmar & Smale, Adam & Sumelius, Jennie & Suutari, Vesa & Lu, Yuan, 2008. "Changes in institutional context and MNC operations in China: Subsidiary HRM practices in 1996 versus 2006," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 17(2), pages 146-158, April.
    2. Patricia David & Huiyi Gao, 2018. "Analyse VUCA de la dynamique des investissements directs chinois," Post-Print hal-01894315, HAL.
    3. Paul Dunn & Anamitra Shome, 2009. "Cultural Crossvergence and Social Desirability Bias: Ethical Evaluations by Chinese and Canadian Business Students," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 85(4), pages 527-543, April.
    4. Gregory Kivenzor, 2015. "Cultural dynamics and marketing strategies for emerging markets: characterization of group subcultures and consumption preferences," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 5(3), pages 142-158, December.
    5. Fabian Froese, 2013. "Work values of the next generation of business leaders in Shanghai, Tokyo, and Seoul," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 30(1), pages 297-315, March.
    6. Michael A. Witt & Günter K. Stahl, 2016. "Foundations of Responsible Leadership: Asian Versus Western Executive Responsibility Orientations Toward Key Stakeholders," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 136(3), pages 623-638, July.
    7. Peter Gahan & Marco Michelotti & Guy Standing, 2012. "The Diffusion of HR Practices in Chinese Workplaces and Organizational Outcomes," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 65(3), pages 651-685, July.
    8. Gregory J. Kivenzor, 2015. "Cultural dynamics and marketing strategies for emerging markets: characterization of group subcultures and consumption preferences," AMS Review, Springer;Academy of Marketing Science, vol. 5(3), pages 142-158, December.
    9. Alfred M. Jaeger & Sung Soo Kim & Arif N. Butt, 2016. "Leveraging Values Diversity: The Emergence and Implications of a Global Managerial Culture in Global Organizations," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 56(2), pages 227-254, April.
    10. Ho-Beng Chia & Carolyn Egri & David Ralston & Ping Fu & Min-Hsun Kuo & Chay-Hoon Lee & Yongyuan Li & Yong-Lin Moon, 2007. "Four tigers and the dragon: values differences, similarities, and consensus," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 24(3), pages 305-320, September.
    11. Ralston, David A. & Egri, Carolyn P. & Casado, Tania & Fu, Pingping & Wangenheim, Florian, 2009. "The impact of life stage and societal culture on subordinate influence ethics: A study of Brazil, China, Germany, and the U.S," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 15(4), pages 374-386, December.
    12. Uzuegbunam, Ikenna & Geringer, J. Michael, 2021. "Culture, connectedness, and international adoption of disruptive innovation," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 27(1).
    13. David A. Ralston & Carolyn P. Egri & Charlotte M. Karam & Yongjuan Li & Ping Ping Fu, 2018. "Changes in work values across the regions of China," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 35(1), pages 145-179, March.
    14. repec:dgr:rugsom:13012-gem is not listed on IDEAS
    15. Ralston, David A. & Russell, Craig J. & Egri, Carolyn P., 2018. "Business values dimensions: A cross-culturally developed measure of workforce values," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 27(6), pages 1189-1199.
    16. André Hoorn, 2019. "Generational Shifts in Managerial Values and the Coming of a Unified Business Culture: A Cross-National Analysis Using European Social Survey Data," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 155(2), pages 547-566, March.
    17. Steel, Piers & Taras, Vasyl, 2010. "Culture as a consequence: A multi-level multivariate meta-analysis of the effects of individual and country characteristics on work-related cultural values," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 16(3), pages 211-233, September.
    18. Dima Jamali & Ben Neville, 2011. "Convergence Versus Divergence of CSR in Developing Countries: An Embedded Multi-Layered Institutional Lens," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 102(4), pages 599-621, September.
    19. Lena Zander & Karsten Jonsen & Audra I. Mockaitis, 2016. "Leveraging Values in Global Organizations: Premises, Paradoxes and Progress," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 56(2), pages 149-169, April.
    20. Pablo Cardona & Ivan Malbašić & Carlos Rey, 2018. "Institutions, paradoxes, and compensation logics: evidence from corporate values of the largest Chinese and US companies," Asia Pacific Business Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(5), pages 602-619, October.
    21. David A. Ralston & Carolyn P. Egri & Irina Naoumova & Len J. Treviño & Katsuhiko Shimizu & Yongjuan Li, 2020. "An empirical test of the trichotomy of values crossvergence theory," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 37(1), pages 65-90, March.
    22. van Hoorn, A.A.J., 2013. "Generational shifts in managerial values and the coming of a global business culture," Research Report 13012-GEM, University of Groningen, Research Institute SOM (Systems, Organisations and Management).

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