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Independent work, modern organizations and entrepreneurial labor: Diversity and hybridity of freelancers and self-employment

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  • Bögenhold, Dieter
  • Klinglmair, Andrea

Abstract

The paper deals with self-employment of one-(wo)man-firms as the smallest units of entrepreneurial companies and focuses at the blurred boundaries between dependent work and self-employment. We call the overlapping identities hybrid entrepreneurs. Based on the collected data it can be shown that the hybrid self-employed differ significantly from non-hybrid ‘regular’ entrepreneurs with respect to selected socio-demographic characteristics, professional, as well as company-specific factors. The paper takes up several of the findings and tries to discuss them in a framework of (micro) organizations, institutions and self-employment. Taking the case of hybrid employment fosters crucial and provoking questions for an appropriate understanding of the division of enterprises and occupations.

Suggested Citation

  • Bögenhold, Dieter & Klinglmair, Andrea, 2016. "Independent work, modern organizations and entrepreneurial labor: Diversity and hybridity of freelancers and self-employment," Journal of Management & Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 22(6), pages 843-858, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:cup:jomorg:v:22:y:2016:i:06:p:843-858_00
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Ana Isabel Silva Almeida & Aurora A. C. Teixeira, 2017. "On The Work Values Of Entrepreneurs And Non-Entrepreneurs: A European Longitudinal Study," Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship (JDE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 22(02), pages 1-29, June.
    2. Andrey SHEVCHUK & Denis STREBKOV, 2023. "Digital platforms and the changing freelance workforce in the Russian Federation: A ten‐year perspective," International Labour Review, International Labour Organization, vol. 162(1), pages 1-22, March.
    3. Dieter Boegenhold & Robert Klinglmair & Florian Kandutsch, 2017. "Solo Self-Employment, Human Capital and Hybrid Labour in the Gig Economy," Foresight and STI Governance (Foresight-Russia till No. 3/2015), National Research University Higher School of Economics, vol. 11(4), pages 23-32.
    4. Janet Merkel, 2019. "‘Freelance isn’t free.’ Co-working as a critical urban practice to cope with informality in creative labour markets," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 56(3), pages 526-547, February.
    5. Dieter Bögenhold & Alina Sawy, 2024. "Competing strategies between public and private self: separation and diffusion of the entrepreneurial identity of solo entrepreneurs on social media," Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, Springer;UNESCO Chair in Entrepreneurship, vol. 14(1), pages 1-16, December.
    6. Ardianti, Retno & Obschonka, Martin & Davidsson, Per, 2022. "Psychological well-being of hybrid entrepreneurs," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 17(C).
    7. Zhiyang Liu & Guixing Wu, 2022. "Gendered motives towards hybrid entrepreneurial intentions: Empirical evidence from China," International Studies of Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 17(1), pages 36-64, June.
    8. Philippe Rouchy & Sam Tavassoli & Joakim Wernberg, 2021. "Heterogeneous hybrid entrepreneurs - framing the variation in entrepreneurial effort and motives for hybrid entrepreneurship," International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 42(1/2), pages 115-129.
    9. Sarah L Holloway & Helena Pimlott-Wilson, 2021. "Solo self-employment, entrepreneurial subjectivity and the security–precarity continuum: Evidence from private tutors in the supplementary education industry," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 53(6), pages 1547-1564, September.
    10. Muhammad Nawaz Tunio & Iffat Sabir Chaudhry & Sadia Shaikh & Mushtaque Ali Jariko & Mohsen Brahmi, 2021. "Determinants of the Sustainable Entrepreneurial Engagement of Youth in Developing Country—An Empirical Evidence from Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-17, July.
    11. Anthony Hussenot & Viviane Sergi, 2018. "Collaborating Without (Formal) Organization: How Do Independent Workers Call Into Question the Matter of Organization?," Post-Print hal-01948575, HAL.
    12. Bögenhold, Dieter & Klinglmair, Robert & Kandutsch, Florian, 2018. "Self-employment on the way in a digital economy: A variety of shades of grey," MPRA Paper 85321, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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