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Agricultural Policy Reform and the Uruguay Round: Synergistic Linkage in a Two-Level Game?

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  • Paarlberg, Robert

Abstract

Domestic agricultural subsidy policies in the United States and in the European Union (EU) underwent substantial liberal reforms between 1990 and 1996. In the United States in 1990, Congress reduced acreage on which farmers could receive income-support payments (deficiency payments) by 15 percent under a budget reconciliation act. In the EU in 1991–92, the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) was dramatically modified under a set of reforms (the MacSharry reforms) that reduced internal cereal price guarantees by 29 percent over three years and obliged larger EU farmers to leave 15 percent of their arable land idle as a further check on excess production. Then in 1995–96, the U.S. Congress passed the Federal Agricultural Improvement and Reform (FAIR) Act, a sweeping measure that eliminated for at least seven years all deficiency payments to farmers as well as all annual land-idling programs. U.S. Senator Richard Lugar, chair of the Senate Agriculture Committee, asserted that this new law would “change agricultural policy [in the United States] more fundamentally than any law in sixty years.”

Suggested Citation

  • Paarlberg, Robert, 1997. "Agricultural Policy Reform and the Uruguay Round: Synergistic Linkage in a Two-Level Game?," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 51(3), pages 413-444, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:cup:intorg:v:51:y:1997:i:03:p:413-444_44
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    1. Kiryluk-Dryjska, Ewa, 2016. "Negotiation analysis using the theory of moves—Theoretical background and a case study," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 44-53.
    2. Zdenek Kudrna & Patrick Müller, 2017. "Harmonizing Internationally to Harmonize Internally: Accounting for a Global Exit from the EU's Decision Trap," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 55(4), pages 815-831, July.
    3. de Gorter, Harry, 2008. "Explaining Inefficient Policy Instruments," Agricultural Distortions Working Paper Series 48638, World Bank.
    4. Junk, Julian & Blatter, Joachim, 2010. "Transnational attention, domestic agenda-setting and international agreement: Modeling necessary and sufficient conditions for media-driven humanitarian interventions [Transnationale Aufmerksamkeit," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Global Governance SP IV 2010-301, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    5. Sebastian Stępień & Jan Polcyn & Michał Borychowski, 2021. "Determinanty zrównoważonego rozwoju ekonomiczno-społecznego rodzinnych gospodarstw rolnych w Polsce," Ekonomista, Polskie Towarzystwo Ekonomiczne, issue 1, pages 56-86.
    6. Johannes Urpelainen, 2011. "Early birds: Special interests and the strategic logic of international cooperation," The Review of International Organizations, Springer, vol. 6(2), pages 113-140, July.
    7. Moon, Wanki & Sakuyama, Takumi, 2021. "The Political Economy of Agricultural Trade Policy in Northeast Asia: Comparisons with the West and between Japan and Korea," 2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual 315192, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    8. Jean-Pierre P. Langlois & Catherine C. Langlois, 2004. "Holding Out for Concession: The Quest for Gain in the Negotiation of International Agreements," International Interactions, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 32(3), pages 261-293, April.
    9. Lutz James M., 2011. "Governments of the Left and Openness to Imports," Global Economy Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 11(4), pages 1-20, December.
    10. Redmond, Willie J., 2003. "A quantification of policy reform: an application to the Uruguay Round Negotiations on Agriculture," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 25(9), pages 893-910, December.
    11. Sharma, Sachin Kumar & Sawant, Aditi & Vats, Parkhi & Naik, Sadhna & Lahiri, Teesta, 2020. "Disciplining trade-distorting support to cotton in the US: an unresolved issue at the WTO negotiations," Agricultural Economics Research Review, Agricultural Economics Research Association (India), vol. 33(2), December.
    12. Diana Panke & Gurur Polat & Franziska Hohlstein, 2021. "Satisfied or not? Exploring the interplay of individual, country and international organization characteristics for negotiation success," The Review of International Organizations, Springer, vol. 16(2), pages 403-429, April.
    13. Eugénia da Conceição-Heldt, 2009. "Delegation of Power and Agency Losses in EU Trade Politics," EUI-RSCAS Working Papers 18, European University Institute (EUI), Robert Schuman Centre of Advanced Studies (RSCAS).
    14. Irene Musselli, 2016. "Farm Support And Trade Rules:Towards A New Paradigm Under The 2030 Agenda," UNCTAD Blue Series Papers 74, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
    15. Fertő, Imre, 1999. "A Európai Unió közös agrárpolitikájának gazdaságtana II. A CAP politikai gazdaságtana [The economics of the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy, Part II. The political economy of CAP]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(9), pages 813-822.
    16. Sebastian Stępień & Jan Polcyn & Michał Borychowski, 2021. "Determinanty zrównoważonego rozwoju ekonomiczno-społecznego rodzinnych gospodarstw rolnych w Polsce," Ekonomista, Polskie Towarzystwo Ekonomiczne, vol. 1, pages 56-86, January.

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