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Voucher y cierre de escuelas en Chile

Author

Listed:
  • Ricardo Paredes

    (Duoc UC)

  • Matías Fresard

    (Duoc UC)

Abstract

Existe controversia acerca del efecto del sistema de vouchers sobre el aprendizaje, particularmente en el régimen escolar chileno. Por un lado, se arguye que la competencia de las escuelas por capturar y retener más alumnos, con padres que escogen las mejores, generaría un efecto virtuoso en el aprendizaje. Por otro, se dice que los padres no elegirían bien, las escuelas no reaccionarían a la competencia ni el propio Estado limitaría el cierre y la reasignación natural de alumnos. Para contribuir con evidencia en esta discusión, este artículo identifica factores relacionados con el cierre de escuelas en Chile y lo que ocurre con el destino de los alumnos de las escuelas cerradas. Con antecedentes de rendimiento por alumno y funcionamiento de escuelas para el período que va desde el año 2002 hasta el 2012, los resultados sugieren que la cantidad de alumnos por nivel se correlaciona en alto grado y negativamente con la probabilidad de cierre; que hay un quiebre estructural en la probabilidad de cierre al nivel de 42 alumnos por nivel, lo que presumiblemente está determinado por la calidad, y que, frente a la caída de alumnos, las escuelas municipales cierran menos que las escuelas particulares subvencionadas y las particulares pagadas, lo que es consistente con sus mayores restricciones políticas. Finalmente, hallamos que los alumnos cuyas escuelas cierran se tienden a mover a otras mejores, lo que desde el punto de vista de la recomposición de la matrícula es una consecuencia virtuosa.

Suggested Citation

  • Ricardo Paredes & Matías Fresard, 2018. "Voucher y cierre de escuelas en Chile," Estudios Públicos, Centro de Estudios Públicos, vol. 0(151), pages 7-27.
    • Handle: RePEc:cpt:journl:v::y:2018:i:151:p:7-27
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    JEL classification:

    • C24 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Truncated and Censored Models; Switching Regression Models; Threshold Regression Models
    • I21 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Analysis of Education
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • L25 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Performance

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