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Gestión ambiental en la industria: implantación y validación de un modelo de autocontrol

Author

Listed:
  • Carlos atienza-sahuquillo
  • Virginia BarBa-sánChez

Abstract

En los últimos anos las empresas se han replanteado las relaciones quemantienen con sus principales grupos de interés, aquellos que conformanlos entornos en los que desarrollan sus actividades. Así, para satisfacer lasexpectativas de los grupos preocupados por el medio ambiente, cada vez másnumerosos, las empresas empiezan a adoptar prácticas de responsabilidadsocial. Ésta establece que las empresas deben tener una actitud responsablecon el medio ambiente donde interactúan, para poder mantener un desarrollosostenible. Sin embargo, a veces la vigilancia ambiental de las distintasactividades empresariales no siempre es fácil, dada la gran cantidad deaspectos ambientales generados por las empresas, por lo que, con frecuencia,se producen emisiones a la atmósfera, al suelo y al agua que pueden escapara dicho control y producir un impacto ambiental negativo.Esta investigación propone el desarrollo e implantación de un Modelo deGestión Ambiental que dé respuesta a las necesidades planteadas. Se tratade un sistema de autocontrol que permite valorar y evaluar los aspectosambientales producidos por cada empresa, en función de los posiblesefectos ambientales. Este modelo se ha implantado en cinco empresas delsector alimentario, por ser uno de los sectores industriales que tiene un mayornúmero de centros productivos en el ámbito espanol. Se trata de un estudiodel caso, planteado en forma longitudinal, que nos permitirá verifi car suevolución en el tiempo, establecer las mejoras necesarias y validar dichomodelo de autocontrol.abstractENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN INDUSTRY: IMPLEMENTATION AND VALIDATIONOF THE SELF-CONTROL MODELIn later years, companies have restated the relationships they keep with theirmain focus groups, those that are made up by the surroundings in which theydevelop their activities. So, in order to meet the expectations of the growingnumber of concerned environmental groups, companies have started to adoptsocial responsibility practices. This concept has established that companiesmust have a responsible attitude towards the environment in which theyinteract in order to maintain a sustainable development. However, sometimesthe environmental watch of different company activities is not always easydue to the great amount of environmental aspects generated by factories thatmany times produce emissions to the atmosphere, grounds and water thatcan escape control and produce a negative environmental impact.This investigation proposes the development and implementation of anEnvironmental Management Model that solves the mentioned needs. It is a selfcontrolsystem that allows the assessment and valuation of the environmentalaspects produced by each company facing its possible effects. This modelhas been implemented in fi ve companies of the food business, being oneof the industrial sectors with the most number of productive centers in theSpanish fi eld. It is a case study expressed in a longitudinal form that willallow us to verify its evolution in time and establish the necessary actions tovalidate such self-control model.resumoGESTAO AMBIENTAL NA INDÚSTRIA: IMPLANTACAO E VALIDACAO DE UM MODELODE AUTOCONTROLENos últimos anos as empresas tem repensado as relacoes que mantem comseus principais grupos de interesse, aqueles que conformam o entorno noque desenvolvem suas atividades. Assim, para satisfazer as expectativasdos grupos preocupados pelo meio ambiente, cada vez mais numerosos,as empresas comecam a adotar práticas de responsabilidade social. Estaestabelece que as empresas devem ter uma atitude responsável com omeio ambiente onde interagem, para poder manter um desenvolvimentosustentável. No entanto, as vezes a vigilancia ambiental das diferentesatividades empresariais nao sempre é fácil, dada a grande quantidade deaspectos ambientais gerados pelas empresas, pelo que, com frequencia, seproduzem emissoes a atmosfera, ao solo e a água que podem escapar atal controle e produzir um impacto ambiental negativo.Esta pesquisa propoe o desenvolvimento e implantacao de um Modelo deGestao Ambiental que de resposta as necessidades apresentadas. Trata-sede um sistema de autocontrole que permite valorizar e avaliar os aspectosambientais produzidos por cada empresa, em funcao dos possíveisefeitos ambientais. Este modelo implantou-se em cinco empresas do setoralimentário, por ser um dos setores industriais que tem maior número decentros produtivos no ambito espanhol. Trata-se de um estudo de caso,proposto de forma longitudinal, que nos permitirá verificar sua evolucaono tempo, estabelecer as melhoras necessárias e validar tal modelo deautocontrole.rÉsumÉLA GESTION ENVIRONNEMENTALE DANS L´INDUSTRIE: LA MISE EN OEUVRE ET LA VALIDATIOND´UN MODELE D´AUTOCONTROLECes dernieres années, les entreprises ont reconsidéré leurs relations avecles intervenants clés, ceux qui faconnent les environnements dans lesquelselles operent. Ainsi, pour répondre aux attentes des groupes préoccupés parl´environnement, un nombre croissant des entreprises commencent a adopterdes pratiques de responsabilité sociale. Il stipule que les entreprises doiventavoir une attitude responsable avec l´environnement ou ils interagissent envue de maintenir le développement durable. Cependant, parfois, le suivienvironnemental des différentes activités n´est pas toujours facile, étant donnéle grand nombre d´aspects environnementaux générés par les entreprises, sisouvent sont les émissions atmosphériques, les sols et l´eau ne peut échappera ce controle de produire un impact négatif sur l´environnement.Cette recherche propose l´élaboration et la mise en oeuvre d´un modelede gestion environnementale qui répond aux besoins exprimés. C´est unsysteme d´auto-controle pour mesurer et évaluer les aspects environnementauxproduits par chaque entreprise, en fonction des effets potentiels surl´environnement. Ce modele a été mis en oeuvre dans cinq entreprises del´industrie alimentaire, étant l´une des industries qui ont un plus grand nombrede centres de production dans le contexte espagnol. Ceci est une étude decas, présentée de maniere longitudinale, ce qui nous permet de vérifier sonévolution au fil du temps, d´établir les améliorations nécessaires et valider lemodele d´auto-controle.

Suggested Citation

  • Carlos atienza-sahuquillo & Virginia BarBa-sánChez, 2011. "Gestión ambiental en la industria: implantación y validación de un modelo de autocontrol," Revista Criterio Libre, Universidad Libre - Sede Principal, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000370:009275
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Abagail McWilliams & Donald S. Siegel & Patrick M. Wright, 2006. "Corporate Social Responsibility: Strategic Implications," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(1), pages 1-18, January.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Objetivos; sector alimentario; responsabilidad social corporativa; aspectos ambientales.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L21 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Business Objectives of the Firm
    • L66 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Manufacturing - - - Food; Beverages; Cosmetics; Tobacco
    • M14 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Business Administration - - - Corporate Culture; Diversity; Social Responsibility
    • Q52 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Pollution Control Adoption and Costs; Distributional Effects; Employment Effects

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