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Las uniones maritales, los diferenciales salariales y la brecha educativa en Colombia

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  • Luz Andrea Pineros

Abstract

Las mujeres jóvenes colombianas, a partir de la cohorte de 1980, tienen más anos de educación que los hombres, con lo que se ha invertido el sentido de la brecha educativa. Este cambio no se ha traducido en un aumento relativo en los salarios de las mujeres, y los hombres continúan teniendo mayores salarios que ellas. La decisión de educación de los individuos no sólo depende de los cambios en las condiciones del mercado laboral sino también de las condiciones del mercado del matrimonio, como la unión semejante y el tamano relativo de la población por género. Este documento busca establecer la importancia relativa y cuantitativa de los factores del mercado laboral y del mercado matrimonial en el cambio en la brecha educativa en el tiempo en Colombia. Para esto, se realizan tres aproximaciones cuantitativas. La primera mira la unión semejante en el tiempo y muestra que en Colombia la mayoría de los individuos forman sociedades conyugales con personas de igual nivel educativo. Adicionalmente, a través de un pseudopanel por ciudad, desde 1984 hasta 2006, se muestra que las asimetrías en la población por género, en especial el aumento del número de mujeres, reversa la brecha educativa. Finalmente, la descomposición de Oaxaca y Ransom permite inferir que con uno sólo de los dos canales no se habría logrado una reversión en la brecha educativa, sino que se requieren ambos mercados.

Suggested Citation

  • Luz Andrea Pineros, 2009. "Las uniones maritales, los diferenciales salariales y la brecha educativa en Colombia," Revista Desarrollo y Sociedad, Universidad de los Andes,Facultad de Economía, CEDE, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000090:010951
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    brecha educativa; diferenciales salariales; uniones maritales y mercado del matrimonio.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J12 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials

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