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Die fiskalische Bilanz eines Kindes im deutschen Steuer- und Sozialsystem

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  • Martin Werding
  • Herbert Hofmann

Abstract

Der deutsche Staat gibt viel Geld für Kinder aus, indem er sich vor allem auf dem Wege der Familien- und Bildungspolitik an den finanziellen Lasten der Erziehung beteiligt. Er holt sich jedoch um einiges mehr von ihnen zurück, wenn die Kinder im weiteren Verlauf ihres Lebens Steuern und Sozialbeiträge entrichten. Der Staatshaushalt, einschließlich der Sozialversicherungen, erweist sich bei genauerem Hinsehen als ein Umlagesystem, das vorrangig durch Steuern und Beiträge von Personen im Erwerbsalter finanziert wird und daraus laufende Leistungen an Personen aller Altersstufen gewährt. Welchen lebenslangen Nettoeffekt dieses System aus der Sicht eines einzelnen Individuums hat, ist dabei a priori unklar. Das ifo Institut hat im Auftrag der Robert Bosch Stiftung umfassende Berechnungen zu den fiskalischen Effekten angestellt, welche die Geburt eines Kindes unter Berücksichtigung möglichst aller relevanten Einnahmen- und Ausgabenströme im gegenwärtigen deutschen Steuer- und Sozialsystem auslöst. Die Resultate zeigen, dass ein heute geborenes Kind, das hinsichtlich seines Erwerbsverhaltens, seines Einkommens und zahlreicher weiterer Merkmale als durchschnittlich anzusehen ist, unter den Rahmenbedingungen des gegenwärtigen deutschen Steuer- und Sozialsystems erhebliche fiskalische Vorteile für den Staat erzeugt. Über seinen gesamten Lebenszyklus und unter Berücksichtigung der Effekte aller von ihm im Durchschnitt zu erwartenden Nachkommen belaufen sich diese insgesamt auf rund 76 900 €.

Suggested Citation

  • Martin Werding & Herbert Hofmann, 2006. "Die fiskalische Bilanz eines Kindes im deutschen Steuer- und Sozialsystem," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 59(02), pages 28-36, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:ces:ifosdt:v:59:y:2006:i:02:p:28-36
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cigno, Alessandro, 1993. "Intergenerational transfers without altruism : Family, market and state," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 9(4), pages 505-518, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Martin Werding & Reiner Klingholz & Jürgen Liminski & Hans-Peter Klös & Joachim Pfeiffer, 2012. "Familienpolitik in Deutschland: Trotz hoher Ausgaben nur wenig erfolgreich?," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 65(15), pages 3-21, August.
    2. Martin Werding & Sonja Munz & Vera Gács, 2008. "Fertility and prosperity : links between demography and economic growth," ifo Forschungsberichte, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, number 42, September.
    3. Alessandro Cigno, 2007. "Low fertility in Europe: Is the pension system the victim or the culprit? Introduction by Alessandro Cigno," CESifo Forum, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 8(3), pages 37-42, October.
    4. Bonin, Holger & Reuss, Karsten & Stichnoth, Holger, 2015. "Life-cycle incidence of family policy measures in Germany: Evidence from a dynamic microsimulation model," ZEW Discussion Papers 15-036, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    5. Anna Christina Raute, 2017. "Can Financial Incentives Reduce the Baby Gap? Evidence from a Reform in Maternity Leave Benefits," CESifo Working Paper Series 6652, CESifo.
    6. Alessandro Cigno, 2010. "How to Avoid a Pension Crisis: A Question of Intelligent System Design ," CESifo Economic Studies, CESifo Group, vol. 56(1), pages 21-37, March.
    7. Helmut Rainer & Stefan Bauernschuster & Natalia Danzer & Timo Hener & Christian Holzner & Janina Reinkowski, 2013. "Kindergeld," ifo Forschungsberichte, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, number 60, September.
    8. Holger Bonin & Karsten Reuss & Holger Stichnoth, 2016. "The Monetary Value of Family Policy Measures in Germany over the Life Cycle: Evidence from a Dynamic Microsimulation Model," CESifo Economic Studies, CESifo Group, vol. 62(4), pages 650-671.
    9. Helmut Rainer & Stefan Bauernschuster & Wolfgang Auer & Natalia Danzer & Mine Hancioglu & Bastian Hartmann & Timo Hener & Christian Holzner & Notburga Ott & Janina Reinkowski & Martin Werding, 2013. "Kinderbetreuung," ifo Forschungsberichte, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, number 59, September.
    10. Hans-Werner Sinn, 2013. "Das demographische Defizit – die Fakten, die Folgen, die Ursachen und die Politikimplikationen," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 66(21), pages 03-23, November.
    11. Schrage, Andrea, 2007. "Low Fertility of Highly Educated Women: The Impact of Child Care Infrastructure," University of Regensburg Working Papers in Business, Economics and Management Information Systems 421, University of Regensburg, Department of Economics.
    12. Joachim Ragnitz & Stefan Eichler & Beate Henschel & Harald Lehmann & Carsten Pohl & Lutz Schneider & Helmut Seitz & Marcel Thum, 2007. "Die demographische Entwicklung in Ostdeutschland : Gutachten im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Technologie," ifo Dresden Studien, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, number 41, May.
    13. Alessandro Cigno, 2007. "Low fertility in Europe: Is the pension system the victim or the culprit? Introduction by Alessandro Cigno," CESifo Forum, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 8(03), pages 37-42, October.
    14. Egger, Peter H. & Radulescu, Doina M., 2012. "Family policy and the number of children: Evidence from a natural experiment," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 28(4), pages 524-539.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Demographie; Geburtenrate; Steuersystem; Finanzpolitik; Sozialversicherung; Kinder; Familienpolitik; Deutschland;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H20 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - General
    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth

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