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Demographiefest: Rentenfinanzen und Lebenserwartung

Author

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  • Jakob von Weizsäcker
  • Martin Werding

Abstract

Nach einer neuen Arbeit der Bevölkerungswissenschaftler Jim Oeppen und James W. Vaupel steigt die Lebenserwartung von Frauen jedes Jahr um etwa 89 Tage, die Lebenserwartung von Männern um etwa 81 Tage. Gilt dies auch in Deutschland, dürfen wir auf eine Lebenserwartung von 93,1 Jahren für Frauen und 85,9 Jahren für Männer im Jahre 2050 hoffen. Die deutsche Rentenpolitik - und auch die Modellrechnungen des ifo Instituts - basieren bisher auf Vorausschätzungen wie der »Variante 2« der 9. koordinierten Bevölkerungsvorausberechnung des Statistischen Bundesamtes. Dieses Szenario sieht bis 2050 lediglich einen Anstieg der Lebenserwartung um knapp vier Jahre von heute 80,5 Jahre für Frauen und 74,4 Jahre für Männer auf 84,5 Jahre bzw. 78,1 Jahre vor. Ersetzt man im ifo Modell diese Annahmen durch die von Oeppen und Vaupel ermittelten Trends, so verändern sich die Rechnungsgrundlagen für die Entwicklung von Rentenbeiträgen und Rentenniveau in der langfristigen Vorausschau dramatisch: Während der Alterslastquotient, also das Zahlenverhältnis der 65-Jährigen und Älteren zu den 15- bis 64-Jährigen, bis 2050 schon im Szenario »Statistisches Bundesamt« von derzeit 25% auf 48% ansteigt, erreicht er im Szenario »Trendfortschreibung« zuletzt 64%. Nach Ansicht des ifo Instituts könnte eine Lösung zur Rentenfinanzierung in der Anknüpfung des Renteneintrittsalters an die Entwicklung der Lebenserwartung bestehen.

Suggested Citation

  • Jakob von Weizsäcker & Martin Werding, 2002. "Demographiefest: Rentenfinanzen und Lebenserwartung," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 55(11), pages 42-45, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:ces:ifosdt:v:55:y:2002:i:11:p:42-45
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Robert Fenge & Martin Werding, 2004. "Ageing and the tax implied in public pension schemes: simulations for selected OECD countries," Fiscal Studies, Institute for Fiscal Studies, vol. 25(2), pages 159-200, June.
    2. Martin Werding, 2000. "Rentenreform: Modellrechnungen zu den langfristigen Effekten," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 53(28-29), pages 39-42, November.
    3. Hans-Werner Sinn & Martin Werding, 2000. "Rentenniveausenkung und Teilkapitaldeckung - ifo Empfehlungen zur Konsolidierung des Umlageverfahrens," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 53(18), pages 12-25, June.
    4. Marcel Thum & Jakob Von Weisäcker, 2000. "Implizite Einkommensteuer als Messlatte für die aktuellen Rentenreformvorschläge," Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik, Verein für Socialpolitik, vol. 1(4), pages 453-468, November.
    5. Robert Fenge & Jakob Weizsäcker, 2001. "Compulsory Savings: Efficiency and Redistribution On the Interaction of Means Tested Basic Income and Public Pensions," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 8(4), pages 637-652, August.
    6. Martin Werding, 2000. "Rentenreform: Modellrechnungen zu den langfristigen Effekten," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 53(28), pages 39-42, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Werding, Martin, 2011. "Demographie und öffentliche Haushalte: Simulationen zur langfristigen Tragfähigkeit der gesamtstaatlichen Finanzpolitik in Deutschland," Working Papers 03/2011, German Council of Economic Experts / Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung.
    2. Werding, Martin, 2016. "Rentenfinanzierung im demographischen Wandel: Tragfähigkeitsprobleme und Handlungsoptionen," Working Papers 05/2016, German Council of Economic Experts / Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung.
    3. Werding, Martin & Runschke, Benedikt & Schwarz, Milena, 2024. "Alterungsschub und Rentenreform: Simulationen für GRV und Beamtenversorgung," Working Papers 01/2024, German Council of Economic Experts / Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung.
    4. Valentin Vogt & Jörg Althammer, 2016. "Linking Retirement Age to Life Expectancy in a Bismarckian System - The Case of Germany," National Institute of Economic and Social Research (NIESR) Discussion Papers 465, National Institute of Economic and Social Research.
    5. Wolfgang Ochel & Martin Werding, 2002. "Und wo kommen die Arbeitsplätze her? Kritische Anmerkungen zu den Vorschlägen der Hartz-Kommission," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 55(15), pages 10-18, August.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Rentenfinanzierung; Deutschland;

    JEL classification:

    • H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions
    • J26 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Retirement; Retirement Policies

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