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The Risk-Based Approach in the New European Anti-Money Laundering Legislation: A Law and Economics View

Author

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  • Dalla Pellegrina Lucia

    (University of Milan-Bicocca and Paolo Baffi Centre, Bocconi University)

  • Masciandaro Donato

    (Paolo Baffi Centre, Bocconi University)

Abstract

In 2005 the European Commission adopted the Third Directive on Anti-Money Laundering (AML), which was to be implemented into national laws at the latest by December 2007. The key feature that characterizes the Third Directive is the idea that the regulatory framework should be risk-based (RBA). The aim of this regulation is to elicit a high level of outcome in terms of AML effectiveness from self-interested financial institutions (FIs) who hold private information. In this paper we study how to increase the effectiveness of AML rules, using a principal-agent framework to describe the regulatory setting in which an RBA is applied. We focus on incentive problems arising in a three-layer hierarchy, which includes public authorities (policymakers), financial institutions, and supervisors.

Suggested Citation

  • Dalla Pellegrina Lucia & Masciandaro Donato, 2009. "The Risk-Based Approach in the New European Anti-Money Laundering Legislation: A Law and Economics View," Review of Law & Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 5(2), pages 931-952, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:bpj:rlecon:v:5:y:2009:i:2:n:6
    DOI: 10.2202/1555-5879.1422
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    Cited by:

    1. Lucia dalla Pellegrina & Giorgio Di Maio & Donato Masciandaro & Margherita Saraceno, 2020. "Organized crime, suspicious transaction reporting and anti-money laundering regulation," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 54(12), pages 1761-1775, December.
    2. Raffaella Barone & Donato Masciandaro & Friedrich Schneider, 2019. "Money Laundering And Corruption: Birds Of A Feather Flock Together," BAFFI CAREFIN Working Papers 19112, BAFFI CAREFIN, Centre for Applied Research on International Markets Banking Finance and Regulation, Universita' Bocconi, Milano, Italy.
    3. Raffaella Barone & Domenico Delle Side & Donato Masciandaro, 2018. "Drug trafficking, money laundering and the business cycle: Does secular stagnation include crime?," Metroeconomica, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 69(2), pages 409-426, May.
    4. B. Unger & F. van Waarden, 2009. "Attempts to Dodge Drowning in Data: Rule- and Risk-Based Anti Money Laundering Policies Compared," Working Papers 09-19, Utrecht School of Economics.
    5. Mario Gara & Claudio Pauselli, 2020. "Looking at ‘Crying Wolf’ from a Different Perspective: An Attempt at Detecting Banks Under- and Over-Reporting of Suspicious Transactions," Italian Economic Journal: A Continuation of Rivista Italiana degli Economisti and Giornale degli Economisti, Springer;Società Italiana degli Economisti (Italian Economic Association), vol. 6(2), pages 299-324, July.
    6. Lucia Dalla Pellegrina & Giorgio Di Maio & Donato Masciandaro & Margherita Saraceno, 2020. "Are Bankers "Crying Wolf"? The Risk-Based Approach to Money-Laundering Regulation and its Effects," Working Papers 444, University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Economics, revised Feb 2021.
    7. Unger Brigitte, 2009. "Money Laundering - A Newly Emerging Topic on the International Agenda," Review of Law & Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 5(2), pages 807-819, December.
    8. Bartolozzi, D. & Gara, M. & Marchetti, D.J. & Masciandaro, D., 2022. "Designing the anti-money laundering supervisor: The governance of the financial intelligence units," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 1093-1109.
    9. Masciandaro, Donato & Peia, Oana & Romelli, Davide, 2020. "Banking supervision and external auditors: Theory and empirics," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 46(C).
    10. Raffaella Barone & Donato Masciandaro, 2011. "Organized crime, money laundering and legal economy: theory and simulations," European Journal of Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 32(1), pages 115-142, August.
    11. Lucia Pellegrina & Giorgio Maio & Donato Masciandaro & Margherita Saraceno, 2023. "Are Bankers “Crying Wolf”? Type I, Type II Errors and Deterrence in Anti-Money Laundering: The Italian Case," Italian Economic Journal: A Continuation of Rivista Italiana degli Economisti and Giornale degli Economisti, Springer;Società Italiana degli Economisti (Italian Economic Association), vol. 9(2), pages 587-615, July.
    12. Donato Masciandaro, 2016. "Banking Supervision Outsourcing: Economics, Rules and Drivers," BAFFI CAREFIN Working Papers 1616, BAFFI CAREFIN, Centre for Applied Research on International Markets Banking Finance and Regulation, Universita' Bocconi, Milano, Italy.
    13. Unger Brigitte & van Waarden Frans, 2009. "How to Dodge Drowning in Data? Rule- and Risk-Based Anti Money Laundering Policies Compared," Review of Law & Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 5(2), pages 953-985, December.
    14. Joras Ferwerda & Ioana Sorina Deleanu & Brigitte Unger, 2019. "Strategies to avoid blacklisting: The case of statistics on money laundering," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(6), pages 1-13, June.
    15. Stefan Haigner & Friedrich Schneider & Florian Wakolbinger, 2012. "Combating Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism: A Survey," Economics of Security Working Paper Series 65, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    16. Zhang, Guike & Gao, Zengan & Dong, June & Mei, Dexiang, 2023. "Machine learning approaches for constructing the national anti-money laundering index," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    17. Christian Friedrich & Reiner Quick, 2019. "An analysis of anti-money laundering in the German non-financial sector," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 23(4), pages 1099-1137, December.
    18. repec:idb:brikps:81941 is not listed on IDEAS
    19. Donato Masciandaro & Davide Romelli, 2017. "Banking Supervision and External Autditors: What works best?," BAFFI CAREFIN Working Papers 1746, BAFFI CAREFIN, Centre for Applied Research on International Markets Banking Finance and Regulation, Universita' Bocconi, Milano, Italy.
    20. D. Bartolozzi & M. Gara & D.J. Marchetti & D. Masciandaro, 2019. "Designing The Anti-Money Laundering Supervisor: Theory, Institutions And Empirics," BAFFI CAREFIN Working Papers 19126, BAFFI CAREFIN, Centre for Applied Research on International Markets Banking Finance and Regulation, Universita' Bocconi, Milano, Italy.
    21. Pietro A. Bianchi & Antonio Marra & Donato Masciandaro & Nicola Pecchiari, 2017. "Is It Worth Having the Sopranos on Board? Corporate Governance Pollution and Organized Crime: The Case of Italy," BAFFI CAREFIN Working Papers 1759, BAFFI CAREFIN, Centre for Applied Research on International Markets Banking Finance and Regulation, Universita' Bocconi, Milano, Italy.
    22. Raffaella Barone & Donato Masciandaro & Friedrich Schneider, 2022. "Corruption and money laundering: You scratch my back, i’ll scratch yours," Metroeconomica, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 73(1), pages 318-342, February.

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