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Ethnic Entrepreneurship and Placemaking in Toronto's Ethnic Retail Neighbourhoods

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  • Zhixi Cecilia Zhuang

Abstract

Research about ethnic businesses primarily focuses on the urban context; yet, contemporary immigrants in North America have increasingly been settling and establishing new businesses in suburbs. This paper explores emerging suburban ethnic retail clusters in the Greater Toronto Area by comparing them to established urban business enclaves. Drawing on extensive field research, surveys, and interviews in more than 100 suburban Chinese and South Asian retail clusters, this paper explores entrepreneurial experiences in suburban retail spaces, the role of ethnic entrepreneurs in suburban placemaking, and the opportunities and constraints affecting entrepreneurs' interaction with other key players. It demonstrates the need to build on the mixed embeddedness model when exploring ethnic entrepreneurship in a suburban context, as well as the need to consider how the institutional framework plays a role in shaping ethnic retail places and the spatial and physical outcomes of ethnic entrepreneurship.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhixi Cecilia Zhuang, 2019. "Ethnic Entrepreneurship and Placemaking in Toronto's Ethnic Retail Neighbourhoods," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 110(5), pages 520-537, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:tvecsg:v:110:y:2019:i:5:p:520-537
    DOI: 10.1111/tesg.12383
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Robert Kloosterman & Joanne Van Der Leun & Jan Rath, 1999. "Mixed Embeddedness: (In)formal Economic Activities and Immigrant Businesses in the Netherlands," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 23(2), pages 252-266, June.
    2. Zhixi Cecilia Zhuang & Amanda Xiaoxuan Chen, 2017. "The role of ethnic retailing in retrofitting suburbia: case studies from Toronto, Canada," Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 10(3), pages 275-295, July.
    3. Michael Ekers & Pierre Hamel & Roger Keil, 2012. "Governing Suburbia: Modalities and Mechanisms of Suburban Governance," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 46(3), pages 405-422, December.
    4. Robert C. Kloosterman, 2010. "Matching opportunities with resources: A framework for analysing (migrant) entrepreneurship from a mixed embeddedness perspective," Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(1), pages 25-45, January.
    5. Michael Parzer & Florian J. Huber, 2015. "Migrant Businesses And The Symbolic Transformation Of Urban Neighborhoods: Towards a Research Agenda," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 39(6), pages 1270-1278, November.
    6. Elizelle Juanee Cilliers & Wim Timmermans & Frans Van den Goorbergh & Jimmie Slijkhuis, 2015. "Green Place-making in Practice: From Temporary Spaces to Permanent Places," Journal of Urban Design, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(3), pages 349-366, July.
    7. Zhixi Cecilia Zhuang, 2015. "Construction and reconstruction of ethnicity in retail landscapes: case studies in the Toronto area," Journal of Urban Design, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(5), pages 677-697, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Sinkovics, Noemi & Reuber, A. Rebecca, 2021. "Beyond disciplinary silos: A systematic analysis of the migrant entrepreneurship literature," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 56(4).
    2. Zhixi Cecilia Zhuang, 2021. "The Negotiation of Space and Rights: Suburban Planning with Diversity," Urban Planning, Cogitatio Press, vol. 6(2), pages 113-126.

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