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Efficient Estimation of Fixed and Time‐varying Covariate Effects in Multiplicative Intensity Models

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  • TORBEN MARTINUSSEN
  • THOMAS H. SCHEIKE
  • IB M. SKOVGAARD

Abstract

The proportional hazards assumption of the Cox model does sometimes not hold in practise. An example is a treatment effect that decreases with time. We study a general multiplicative intensity model allowing the influence of each covariate to vary non‐parametrically with time. An efficient estimation procedure for the cumulative parameter functions is developed. Its properties are studied using the martingale structure of the problem. Furthermore, we introduce a partly parametric version of the general non‐parametric model in which the influence of some of the covariates varies with time while the effects of the remaining covariates are constant. This semiparametric model has not been studied in detail before. An efficient procedure for estimating the parametric as well as the non‐parametric components of this model is developed. Again the martingale structure of the model allows us to describe the asymptotic properties of the suggested estimators. The approach is applied to two different data sets, and a Monte Carlo simulation is presented.

Suggested Citation

  • Torben Martinussen & Thomas H. Scheike & Ib M. Skovgaard, 2002. "Efficient Estimation of Fixed and Time‐varying Covariate Effects in Multiplicative Intensity Models," Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, Danish Society for Theoretical Statistics;Finnish Statistical Society;Norwegian Statistical Association;Swedish Statistical Association, vol. 29(1), pages 57-74, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:scjsta:v:29:y:2002:i:1:p:57-74
    DOI: 10.1111/1467-9469.00060
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    Cited by:

    1. Daniel A. Powers, 2010. "Assessing Group Differences in Estimated Baseline Survivor Functions From Cox Proportional Hazards Models," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 39(2), pages 157-187, November.
    2. Yanqing Sun & Seunggeun Hyun & Peter Gilbert, 2008. "Testing and Estimation of Time-Varying Cause-Specific Hazard Ratios with Covariate Adjustment," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 64(4), pages 1070-1079, December.
    3. Jun Yan & Jian Huang, 2009. "Partly Functional Temporal Process Regression with Semiparametric Profile Estimating Functions," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 65(2), pages 431-440, June.
    4. Guoqing Diao & Donglin Zeng & Song Yang, 2013. "Efficient Semiparametric Estimation of Short-Term and Long-Term Hazard Ratios with Right-Censored Data," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 69(4), pages 840-849, December.
    5. Arnab Bhattacharjee, 2005. "Models of Firm Dynamics and the Hazard Rate of Exits: Reconciling Theory and Evidence using Hazard Regression Models," Econometrics 0503021, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Torben Martinussen & Christian Bressen Pipper, 2014. "Estimation of Causal Odds of Concordance using the Aalen Additive Model," Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, Danish Society for Theoretical Statistics;Finnish Statistical Society;Norwegian Statistical Association;Swedish Statistical Association, vol. 41(1), pages 141-151, March.
    7. Thomas H. Scheike & Mei-Jie Zhang, 2003. "Extensions and Applications of the Cox-Aalen Survival Model," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 59(4), pages 1036-1045, December.
    8. Bhattacharjee, Arnab, 2004. "Estimation in hazard regression models under ordered departures from proportionality," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 47(3), pages 517-536, October.
    9. Huazhen Lin & Zhe Fei & Yi Li, 2016. "A Semiparametrically Efficient Estimator of the Time-Varying Effects for Survival Data with Time-Dependent Treatment," Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, Danish Society for Theoretical Statistics;Finnish Statistical Society;Norwegian Statistical Association;Swedish Statistical Association, vol. 43(3), pages 649-663, September.
    10. Kang, Fangyuan & Sun, Liuquan & Zhao, Xingqiu, 2015. "A class of transformed hazards models for recurrent gap times," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 151-167.
    11. Sun, Liuquan & Zhu, Liang & Sun, Jianguo, 2009. "Regression analysis of multivariate recurrent event data with time-varying covariate effects," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 100(10), pages 2214-2223, November.
    12. Guoqing Diao & Anand N. Vidyashankar & Sarah Zohar & Sandrine Katsahian, 2021. "Competing Risks Model with Short-Term and Long-Term Covariate Effects for Cancer Studies," Statistics in Biosciences, Springer;International Chinese Statistical Association, vol. 13(1), pages 142-159, April.
    13. Bhattacharjee, Arnab, 2009. "Testing for Proportional Hazards with Unrestricted Univariate Unobserved Heterogeneity," SIRE Discussion Papers 2009-22, Scottish Institute for Research in Economics (SIRE).
    14. K. Burke & G. MacKenzie, 2017. "Multi-parameter regression survival modeling: An alternative to proportional hazards," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 73(2), pages 678-686, June.
    15. Liu, Jicai & Zhang, Riquan & Zhao, Weihua & Lv, Yazhao, 2015. "Variable selection in semiparametric hazard regression for multivariate survival data," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 26-40.
    16. Torben Martinussen & Odd O. Aalen & Thomas H. Scheike, 2008. "The Mizon–Richard Encompassing Test for the Cox and Aalen Additive Hazards Models," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 64(1), pages 164-171, March.
    17. Bunea, Florentina & McKeague, Ian W., 2005. "Covariate selection for semiparametric hazard function regression models," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 92(1), pages 186-204, January.
    18. Yassin Mazroui & Audrey Mauguen & Simone Mathoulin-Pélissier & Gaetan MacGrogan & Véronique Brouste & Virginie Rondeau, 2016. "Time-varying coefficients in a multivariate frailty model: Application to breast cancer recurrences of several types and death," Lifetime Data Analysis: An International Journal Devoted to Statistical Methods and Applications for Time-to-Event Data, Springer, vol. 22(2), pages 191-215, April.
    19. Yanqing Sun & Rajeshwari Sundaram & Yichuan Zhao, 2009. "Empirical Likelihood Inference for the Cox Model with Time‐dependent Coefficients via Local Partial Likelihood," Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, Danish Society for Theoretical Statistics;Finnish Statistical Society;Norwegian Statistical Association;Swedish Statistical Association, vol. 36(3), pages 444-462, September.
    20. Limin Peng & Jason P. Fine, 2007. "Regression Modeling of Semicompeting Risks Data," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 63(1), pages 96-108, March.
    21. Guanghui Wei & Douglas E. Schaubel, 2008. "Estimating Cumulative Treatment Effects in the Presence of Nonproportional Hazards," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 64(3), pages 724-732, September.
    22. Zahra Mansourvar & Torben Martinussen, 2017. "Estimation of average causal effect using the restricted mean residual lifetime as effect measure," Lifetime Data Analysis: An International Journal Devoted to Statistical Methods and Applications for Time-to-Event Data, Springer, vol. 23(3), pages 426-438, July.
    23. Qu, Lianqiang & Song, Xinyuan & Sun, Liuquan, 2018. "Identification of local sparsity and variable selection for varying coefficient additive hazards models," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 119-135.

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