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The Relationship Between Tourism And Trade In South Africa

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  • Denise Fry
  • Andrea Saayman
  • Melville Saayman

Abstract

This article explores the relationship between tourist arrivals and trade in South Africa. Two analyses were conducted – a panel data analysis, which included tourism and trade data of 40 countries with South Africa, and a time‐series analysis that involved South Africa's main tourism and trade partners. Cointegration tests, Granger causality and Block exogeneity tests were used to investigate the nature of the relationship. The results of the panel data analysis show that for South Africa as a whole, there is indeed a long‐term relationship between tourist arrivals and trade, and that bidirectional causality exists. The results for the country case studies are mixed, although the evidence is stronger for the hypothesis that tourism causes trade.

Suggested Citation

  • Denise Fry & Andrea Saayman & Melville Saayman, 2010. "The Relationship Between Tourism And Trade In South Africa," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 78(3), pages 287-306, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:sajeco:v:78:y:2010:i:3:p:287-306
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1813-6982.2010.01245.x
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    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1813-6982.2010.01245.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    6. Christian Fischer & Luis Alberiko Gil-Alana, 2005. "The Nature of the Relationship between International Tourism and International Trade: The Case of Ge," Faculty Working Papers 15/05, School of Economics and Business Administration, University of Navarra.
    7. Andrea Saayman & Melville Saayman, 2008. "Determinants of Inbound Tourism to South Africa," Tourism Economics, , vol. 14(1), pages 81-96, March.
    8. Peter Pedroni, 1999. "Critical Values for Cointegration Tests in Heterogeneous Panels with Multiple Regressors," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 61(S1), pages 653-670, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Thangamani Bhavan, 2019. "Does Inbound Tourism Encourage Trade Deficit in Sri Lanka?," Asian Development Policy Review, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 7(4), pages 253-260, December.
    2. María Santana-Gallego & Francisco Ledesma-Rodríguez & Jorge V. Pérez-Rodríguez, 2011. "Tourism and Trade in Small Island Regions: The Case of the Canary Islands," Tourism Economics, , vol. 17(1), pages 107-125, February.
    3. K. G. Suresh & Aviral Kumar Tiwari, 2018. "Does international tourism affect international trade and economic growth? The Indian experience," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 54(3), pages 945-957, May.
    4. Odhiambo, Nicholas M & Saungweme, Talknice, 2021. "Does international tourism spur international trade in SSA countries? A dynamic panel data analysis," Working Papers 28345, University of South Africa, Department of Economics.
    5. Melville Saayman & Andrea Saayman, 2012. "Shopping Tourism or Tourists Shopping? A Case Study of South Africa's African Tourism Market," Tourism Economics, , vol. 18(6), pages 1313-1329, December.
    6. Annie Tubadji & Peter Nijkamp, 2018. "Revisiting the Balassa–Samuelson effect: International tourism and cultural proximity," Tourism Economics, , vol. 24(8), pages 915-944, December.

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