IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/rmgtin/v21y2018i3p389-411.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Conceptual Model for Pricing Health and Life Insurance Using Wearable Technology

Author

Listed:
  • Michael McCrea
  • Mark Farrell

Abstract

A health risk score was created to investigate the possibility of using data provided by wearable technology to help predict overall health and mortality, with the ultimate goal of using this score to enhance the pricing of health or life insurance. Subjects were categorized into low‐, increased‐, and high‐risk groups, and after results were adjusted for age and sex, Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed a high level of significance when predicting mortality. High‐risk subjects were shown to have a hazard ratio of 2.1 relative to those in the low‐risk group, which can be interpreted as an equivalent increase in age of 7.8 years. Our findings help to demonstrate the predictive capabilities of potential new rating factors, measured via wearables, that could feasibly be incorporated into actuarial insurance pricing models. The model also provides an initial step for insurers to begin to consider the incorporation of continuous wearable data into current risk models. With this in mind, an emphasis is placed on the limitations of the study in order to highlight the areas that must be addressed before incorporating aspects of this model within current pricing models.

Suggested Citation

  • Michael McCrea & Mark Farrell, 2018. "A Conceptual Model for Pricing Health and Life Insurance Using Wearable Technology," Risk Management and Insurance Review, American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 21(3), pages 389-411, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:rmgtin:v:21:y:2018:i:3:p:389-411
    DOI: 10.1111/rmir.12112
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/rmir.12112
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/rmir.12112?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Nadine Gatzert & Hannah Wesker, 2014. "Mortality Risk and Its Effect on Shortfall and Risk Management in Life Insurance," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 81(1), pages 57-90, March.
    2. R. Guy Thomas, 2008. "Loss Coverage as a Public Policy Objective for Risk Classification Schemes," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 75(4), pages 997-1018, December.
    3. Mario Cleves & William W. Gould & Roberto G. Gutierrez & Yulia Marchenko, 2010. "An Introduction to Survival Analysis Using Stata," Stata Press books, StataCorp LP, edition 3, number saus3, March.
    4. Kuh, D. & Hardy, R. & Hotopf, M. & Lawlor, D. A. & Maughan, B. & Westendorp, R. & Cooper, R. & Black, S. & Mishra, G. D., 2009. "A Review of Lifetime Risk Factors for Mortality," British Actuarial Journal, Cambridge University Press, vol. 15(S1), pages 17-64, January.
    5. Seccareccia, F. & Pannozzo, F. & Dima, F. & Minoprio, A. & Menditto, A. & Noce, C.L. & Giampaoli, S., 2001. "Heart rate as a predictor of mortality: The MATISS project," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 91(8), pages 1258-1263.
    6. Ford, E.S. & Zhao, G. & Tsai, J. & Li, C., 2011. "Low-Risk lifestyle behaviors and all-cause mortality: Findings from the national health and nutrition examination survey III mortality study," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 101(10), pages 1922-1929.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Jie Liu & Shujun Ye & Yujin Zhang & Lulu Zhang, 2023. "Research on InsurTech and the Technology Innovation Level of Insurance Enterprises," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-19, May.
    2. Karlsson Linnér, Richard & Koellinger, Philipp D., 2022. "Genetic risk scores in life insurance underwriting," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    3. Xian Xu & Peter Zweifel, 2020. "A framework for the evaluation of InsurTech," Risk Management and Insurance Review, American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 23(4), pages 305-329, December.
    4. Marta Ostrowska, 2021. "Does new technology put an end to policyholder risk declaration? The impact of digitalisation on insurance relationships," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 46(4), pages 573-592, October.
    5. Davide Lanfranchi & Laura Grassi, 2022. "Examining insurance companies’ use of technology for innovation," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 47(3), pages 520-537, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Baumgartner, Josef & Glatzer, Ernst & Rumler, Fabio & Stiglbauer, Alfred, 2005. "How frequently do consumer prices change in Austria? Evidence from micro CPI data," Working Paper Series 523, European Central Bank.
    2. Elsa Sarmento & Alcina Nunes, 2010. "Comparative Survival Analysis of Firms: the case of the Portuguese North region," Working Papers de Economia (Economics Working Papers) 53, Departamento de Economia, Gestão e Engenharia Industrial, Universidade de Aveiro.
    3. Amy Y. Li, 2017. "Covet Thy Neighbor or “Reverse Policy Diffusion”? State Adoption of Performance Funding 2.0," Research in Higher Education, Springer;Association for Institutional Research, vol. 58(7), pages 746-771, November.
    4. Carlos Pestana Barros & Zhongfei Chen & Luis A. Gil-Alana, 2012. "Housing sales in urban Beijing," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(34), pages 4495-4504, December.
    5. Joseph J. Capuno, 2013. "Fiscal transfers and gerrymandering under decentralization in the Philippines," UP School of Economics Discussion Papers 201304, University of the Philippines School of Economics.
    6. Hylke Vandenbussche & Maurizio Zanardi, 2008. "What explains the proliferation of antidumping laws? [‘Antidumping Laws in the US; Use and Welfare Consequences’]," Economic Policy, CEPR, CESifo, Sciences Po;CES;MSH, vol. 23(53), pages 94-138.
    7. Benedikt Kramer & Anke Schorr & Reiner Doluschitz & Markus Lips, 2019. "Survival Analysis for the Adjustment Phase Following Investment in Swiss Dairy Sheds," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-8, November.
    8. Eric Schuss, 2016. "Between Life Cycle Model, Labor Market Integration and Discrimination: An Econometric Analysis of the Determinants of Return Migration," SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research 881, DIW Berlin, The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP).
    9. Gerard J. van den Berg & Bettina Drepper, 2016. "Inference for Shared-Frailty Survival Models with Left-Truncated Data," Econometric Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 35(6), pages 1075-1098, June.
    10. Hu, Chenguang & Li, Jiatao & Yun, Kyung Hwan, 2023. "Re-examining foreign subsidiary survival in a transition economy: Impact of market identity overlap and conflict," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 58(3).
    11. Schipmann, Christin & Qaim, Matin, 2009. "Modern Supply Chains and Product Innovation: How Can Smallholder Farmers Benefit?," 2009 Conference, August 16-22, 2009, Beijing, China 51046, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    12. Boockmann, Bernhard & Steffes, Susanne, 2005. "Individual and Plant-level Determinants of Job Durations in Germany," ZEW Discussion Papers 05-89, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    13. Guanghui Qiao & Liu Ding & Keheng Xiang & Bruce Prideaux & Jinyi Xu, 2022. "Understanding the Value of Tourism to Seniors’ Health and Positive Aging," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-17, January.
    14. Nebibe Varol & Joan Costa-i-Font & Alistair McGuire, 2011. "Explaining Early Adoption on New Medicines: Regulation, Innovation and Scale," CESifo Working Paper Series 3459, CESifo.
    15. Lindsay C. Kobayashi & Sarah Frank & Carlos Riumallo-Herl & David Canning & Lisa Berkman, 2019. "Socioeconomic gradients in chronic disease risk behaviors in a population-based study of older adults in rural South Africa," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 64(1), pages 135-145, January.
    16. Enrique Batiz‐Zuk & Fabrizio López‐Gallo & Abdulkadir Mohamed & Fátima Sánchez‐Cajal, 2022. "Determinants of loan survival rates for small and medium‐sized enterprises: Evidence from an emerging economy," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(4), pages 4741-4755, October.
    17. Tetyana Pudrovska & Benedicta Anikputa, 2014. "Editor's choice Early-Life Socioeconomic Status and Mortality in Later Life: An Integration of Four Life-Course Mechanisms," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 69(3), pages 451-460.
    18. Jean-Marie Baland & Rohini Somanathan & Lore Vandewalle, 2019. "Socially Disadvantaged Groups and Microfinance in India," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 67(3), pages 537-569.
    19. Dario Sciulli & Antonio Menezes & José Vieira, 2012. "Unemployment Duration and Disability: Evidence from Portugal," Journal of Labor Research, Springer, vol. 33(1), pages 21-48, March.
    20. Fredriksen, Kaja & Runst, Petrik & Bizer, Kilian, 2017. "Masterful Meisters? Voluntary Certification and Quality in the German Crafts Sector," ifh Working Papers 3 (2017), Volkswirtschaftliches Institut für Mittelstand und Handwerk an der Universität Göttingen (ifh), revised 2017.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:rmgtin:v:21:y:2018:i:3:p:389-411. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=1098-1616 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.