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Inequality and the impact of growth on poverty in sub‐Saharan Africa: A GMM estimator in a dynamic panel threshold model

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  • Anis Ochi

Abstract

The need for a good understanding of the relationship among poverty, inequality, and economic growth has become a significant concern in poor countries. This paper, therefore, empirically analyzes the triangular relationship among extreme poverty, income inequality, and economic growth for the 45 middle and low‐income sub‐Saharan African countries over the period 2010–2021. This study examines the effect of economic growth in extreme poverty reduction, with emphasis on the role of income inequality. We found that the nexus between these three variables is nonlinear. Our empirical results show that the economic growth begins to reduce extreme poverty when income inequality is at or below a threshold of 35.28 for the low‐income countries and 45.15 for the middle‐income countries. Meanwhile, the results indicate that there is no relationship between economic growth and extreme poverty above the inequality threshold levels of 35.28 and 45.15 for the low‐income and the middle‐income countries, respectively. On the basis of the findings, this study proposes several policy recommendations. La necesidad de comprender bien la relación entre pobreza, desigualdad y crecimiento económico se ha convertido en una preocupación importante en los países pobres. Por lo tanto, este artículo analiza empíricamente la relación triangular entre la pobreza extrema, la desigualdad de ingresos y el crecimiento económico para los 45 países subsaharianos de renta media y baja durante el periodo 2010‐2021. Este estudio examina el efecto del crecimiento económico en la reducción de la pobreza extrema, haciendo hincapié en el papel de la desigualdad de ingresos. Se descubrió que el nexo entre estas tres variables es de carácter no lineal. Los resultados empíricos muestran que el crecimiento económico empieza a reducir la pobreza extrema cuando la desigualdad de ingresos se sitúa en un umbral igual o inferior a 35,28 para los países de renta baja y a 45,15 para los países de renta media. Al mismo tiempo, los resultados indican que no existe relación entre el crecimiento económico y la pobreza extrema por encima de los umbrales de desigualdad de 35,28 y 45,15 para los países de renta baja y media, respectivamente. A partir de los resultados, este estudio propone varias recomendaciones sobre políticas. 貧困、不平等、経済成長の関連性を十分に解明する必要性は、貧困国において重要になっている。そこで本稿では、2010~2021年におけるサブサハラ・アフリカの中低所得国45カ国について、極度の貧困、所得格差、経済成長の三角関係を実証的に分析する。この研究では、所得格差の役割に重点を置いて、極度の貧困の削減における経済成長の効果を検討する。これら3つの変数の関連は非線形であることがわかった。実証分析の結果によると、所得格差が、低所得国で35.28、中所得国で45.15の閾値以下になると、経済成長によって極度の貧困が減少し始める。一方、結果から、低所得国と中所得国では、経済成長と不平等の閾値である35.28と45.15を超える極度の貧困との間には関係がないことが示されている。以上の知見に基づいて、本稿ではいくつかの政策提言を行う。

Suggested Citation

  • Anis Ochi, 2023. "Inequality and the impact of growth on poverty in sub‐Saharan Africa: A GMM estimator in a dynamic panel threshold model," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 15(6), pages 1373-1394, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:15:y:2023:i:6:p:1373-1394
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12707
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