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Nighttime‐lights satellite imagery reveals hotspots of second home mobility in rural Russia (a case study of Yaroslavl Oblast)

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  • Alexander Sheludkov
  • Alexandra Starikova

Abstract

Second home mobility is a well‐known phenomenon in many countries, but is widely prominent in Russia, where millions of city dwellers move to rural areas during the summertime. Combating long‐term economic decline and depopulation, second home mobility creates a promising opportunity to revitalize the countryside. While this phenomenon is largely neglected by official statistics, we suggest using satellite imagery of nighttime lights to investigate its spatial and temporal patterns. We did this with the example of Yaroslavl Oblast in Russia. This region neighbors the Moscow Capital Region. It experiences a significant inflow of second home residents. By tracking the seasonal pixel‐wise changes of nighttime light radiance in monthly composites of satellite imagery from 2015 to 2019, we located hotspots of second homes and factors determining their spatial spread in rural areas. The results were evaluated with field research. Our results confirmed earlier conclusions that second homes’ locations in rural areas are largely determined by their proximity to Moscow, natural conditions, and transport accessibility. City dwellers often choose small and even fully abandoned villages for their second homes, which stresses the important role of second home mobility in preserving cultural landscapes. The proposed data and methods are limited by missing data for the northern regions during summer months and are more suitable for areas beyond the urban fringe where nighttime‐lights data are not biased by the ‘overglow’ of large cities. セカンドハウスへの移動は多くの国においてよく知られる現象であるが、ロシアでは特に顕著であり、夏の間に何百万人もの都市住民が農村地域に移動する。長期的な経済の衰退と過疎化という問題の中で、セカンドハウスへの移動は地方を活性化する有望な機会を生み出すものである。この現象は正式な統計ではほとんど無視されているものであるが、夜間光の空間的および時間的パターンを調べるために衛星画像を用いることを提案する。本稿では、ロシアのヤロスラヴリ州を例に用いる。この地域はモスクワ首都圏に隣接しており、セカンドハウスの居住者が多く流入する地域である。2015~2019年の、衛星画像の月間での夜間光放射のピクセル単位での季節的な変化を追跡することにより、農村地域におけるセカンドハウスの人気スポットとそれらの空間的な広がりを決定する要因を特定した。その結果を実地調査により評価した。結果は、農村地域におけるセカンドハウスの立地は、主としてモスクワへの近接性、自然条件、交通移動のアクセシビリティによって決まるという既存研究の結論を確認するものであった。都市住民は、セカンドハウスの立地として小さな、そして居住者がいなくなった村を選好する事が多いが、これはセカンドハウスへの移動の役割に、文化的景観が保たれていることを重視していることを強調している。ここで提示するデータと方法は、夏季の北部地域のデータが欠如していることにより制限があり、夜間光データが大都市のoverglow(過剰な輝度)によるバイアスを受けない、都市周辺部の境界を越えた地域に適しているものである。 La movilidad a una segunda residencia es un fenómeno bien conocido en muchos países, pero es muy destacado en Rusia, donde millones de habitantes de las ciudades se trasladan a las zonas rurales durante el verano. Para combatir el declive económico y la despoblación a largo plazo, la movilidad a las segundas residencias crea una oportunidad prometedora para revitalizar las áreas rurales. Aunque las estadísticas oficiales no tienen en cuenta este fenómeno, este estudio propone utilizar imágenes de satélite de las luces nocturnas para investigar sus patrones espaciales y temporales. Esto se hizo con el ejemplo del Óblast de Yaroslavl en Rusia. Esta región es vecina de la Región Capital de Moscú y experimenta una importante afluencia de residentes de segundas residencias. Mediante el seguimiento de los cambios estacionales a escala de píxel de la radiancia de la luz nocturna en las imágenes de satélite compuestas mensuales entre 2015 y 2019, se pudo localizar los focos de segundas residencias y los factores que determinan su propagación espacial en las zonas rurales. Los resultados se evaluaron mediante una investigación de campo. Los resultados confirmaron las conclusiones anteriores de que la ubicación de las segundas residencias en las zonas rurales está determinada en gran medida por su proximidad a Moscú, las condiciones naturales y la accesibilidad del transporte. Los habitantes de las ciudades suelen elegir como segunda residencia pueblos pequeños e incluso totalmente abandonados, lo que subraya el importante papel de la movilidad a las segundas residencias en la conservación de los paisajes culturales. Los datos y métodos propuestos están limitados por la falta de datos de las regiones del norte durante los meses de verano y son más adecuados para las zonas más allá de la franja urbana, donde los datos de las luces nocturnas no están sesgados por un ‘exceso de luz’ de las grandes ciudades.

Suggested Citation

  • Alexander Sheludkov & Alexandra Starikova, 2022. "Nighttime‐lights satellite imagery reveals hotspots of second home mobility in rural Russia (a case study of Yaroslavl Oblast)," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 14(4), pages 877-890, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:877-890
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12441
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. T. G. Nefedova & A. I. Treivish, 2019. "Urbanization and Seasonal Deurbanization in Modern Russia," Regional Research of Russia, Springer, vol. 9(1), pages 1-11, January.
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