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Exploring paths to creative city emergence. The example of three Polish cities

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  • Agnieszka Orankiewicz
  • Maciej Turała

Abstract

The main aim of the article is to identify the development paths of creative cities in Poland. The authors made an attempt to define development potentials, and then to define their role in building a creative city. The research also took into account the role of instability as an additional factor which, in conjunction with the role of city authorities, becomes important for the emergence of a creative city. The first section of the article highlights the concept of territorial capital—which we consider to be fundamental for the discussion of creative cities and city development factors which follows in the second section. The review of literature on the creative city concept allowed us to identify several factors which we regard as required for the emergence of a creative city. They were further operationalized into three development potentials, based on culture, education and innovations in the third section. Case studies of three Polish cities labelled by UNESCO as creative cities are available in the fourth section. Discussion of case studies is presented in the fifth section and the conclusions are available in the sixth section. The result of the conducted research is the identification of two different paths of development of a creative city. We conclude that a balanced mix of development potentials based on culture, education and innovation is essential for the emergence of a creative city, which does not mean that these potentials are needed in equal doses. Each of them is necessary, but neither is sufficient in itself. In some of the cases studied, the process of creating creative cities would not start without the stimulus of instability. El objetivo principal del artículo es identificar las vías de desarrollo de las ciudades creativas en Polonia. Los autores intentaron definir los potenciales de desarrollo y, a continuación, definir su papel en la construcción de una ciudad creativa. La investigación tuvo en cuenta también el papel de la inestabilidad como factor adicional que, junto con el papel de las autoridades de la ciudad, adquiere importancia para el surgimiento de una ciudad creativa. En la primera sección del artículo se destaca el concepto de capital territorial, que se considera fundamental para el debate sobre las ciudades creativas y los factores de desarrollo de la ciudad que le sigue en la segunda sección. La revisión de la literatura sobre el concepto de ciudad creativa nos permitió identificar varios factores que consideramos necesarios para el surgimiento de una ciudad creativa. En la tercera sección, se operacionalizaron en tres potenciales de desarrollo, con base en la cultura, la educación y las innovaciones. En la cuarta sección se pueden encontrar estudios de caso de tres ciudades polacas calificadas por la UNESCO como ciudades creativas. La discusión de los estudios de caso se presenta en la quinta sección y las conclusiones están disponibles en la sexta sección. El resultado de la investigación realizada es la identificación de dos vías de desarrollo diferentes para una ciudad creativa. Se llegó a la conclusión de que una mezcla equilibrada de potenciales de desarrollo basados en la cultura, la educación y la innovación es esencial para el surgimiento de una ciudad creativa, aunque esto no significa que estos potenciales sean necesarios en dosis iguales. Cada uno de ellos es necesario, pero ninguno es suficiente por sí mismo. En algunos de los casos estudiados, el proceso de desarrollo de ciudades creativas no se iniciaría sin el estímulo de la inestabilidad. 本稿の主な目的は、ポーランドにおける創造都市の開発経路を特定することである。開発の可能性を定義し、創造都市の建設におけるそれらの役割を定義することを目指す。また、都市行政の役割と相まって創造都市の出現に重要となる不安定性の役割も考慮した。セクション1では、地域資本の概念に焦点を当てる。この概念はセクション2で述べる創造都市と都市開発の要因の考察の基礎となる。創造都市の概念に関する文献をレビューし、創造都市の出現に必要ないくつかの要因を明らかにした。さらに、セクション3では、文化、教育、イノベーションに基づいた3つの開発ポテンシャルに展開した。セクション4ではユネスコにより創造都市と認定されたポーランドの3都市を事例としたケーススタディを提示する。セクション5でケーススタディの考察を示し、セクション6で結論を述べる。調査の結果から、創造都市の2つの異なる発展経路が特定された。著者らは、文化、教育およびイノベーションに基づく開発の可能性がバランスよく混合していることが創造都市の出現に不可欠であるが、これらの可能性が等しい量で必要であるということではないと結論する。文化、教育およびイノベーションのいずれもが必要であるが、それだけでは十分ではない。研究した事例の中には、不安定な刺激がなければ創造都市を作るプロセスが始まらなかったと考えられる事例がある。

Suggested Citation

  • Agnieszka Orankiewicz & Maciej Turała, 2021. "Exploring paths to creative city emergence. The example of three Polish cities," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(3), pages 659-672, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:13:y:2021:i:3:p:659-672
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12394
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