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Intergenerational mobility of low‐income youth in metropolitan and non‐metropolitan America: A spatial analysis

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  • Bruce Weber
  • J. Matthew Fannin
  • Kathleen Miller
  • Stephan Goetz

Abstract

Average absolute upward mobility is greater for youth in non‐metropolitan counties than in metropolitan counties. What may be more important for upward mobility of low‐income youth, however, is not whether their county is metro or non‐metro but rather how far their county is from metropolitan centres. We test this hypothesis and find support for the conclusion that distance is a significant predictor of upward mobility, that remoteness from central metro counties is associated with higher upward mobility. We also find that the association of other factors with upward mobility differs between metro and non‐metro counties. The shares of single‐mother families and income inequality have a smaller negative association with upward mobility in metro than non‐metro counties. The high school dropout rate, on the other hand, has a much larger negative association with upward mobility in metro than in non‐metro areas, suggesting that the quality of the school system matters more in urban areas. Better spatial job matching and higher social capital, by contrast, are more positively correlated with mobility in non‐metro counties than in metro counties, suggesting that specific place‐based rural policies may have more potential to increase upward mobility in rural areas. El promedio de la movilidad ascendente absoluta es mayor para los jóvenes en los condados no metropolitanos que en los metropolitanos. Sin embargo, algo que puede ser más importante para la movilidad ascendente de los jóvenes de bajos ingresos no es si su condado es metropolitano o no lo es, sino más bien lo lejos que está su condado de los centros metropolitanos. Se puso a prueba esta hipótesis y se encontró evidencia con la que concluir que la distancia es un predictor significativo de la movilidad ascendente y que la lejanía de los condados metropolitanos centrales está asociada con una mayor movilidad ascendente. También se encontró que la asociación de otros factores con la movilidad ascendente difiere entre los condados metropolitanos y no metropolitanos. La proporción de familias monoparentales y la desigualdad de ingresos tienen una asociación negativa menor con la movilidad ascendente en los condados metropolitanos que en los que no lo son. Por otro lado, la tasa de abandono de la escuela secundaria tiene una asociación negativa mucho mayor con la movilidad ascendente en las áreas metropolitanas que en las no metropolitanas, lo que sugiere que la calidad del sistema escolar es más importante en las zonas urbanas. Por el contrario, una mejor correspondencia espacial y un mayor capital social se correlacionan más positivamente con la movilidad en condados no metropolitanos que en los condados metropolitanos, lo que sugiere que las políticas rurales específicas basadas en el lugar pueden tener un mayor potencial para aumentar la movilidad ascendente en las zonas rurales. 非都市カウンティの若年者のabsolute upward mobilityの平均値は、都市カウンティの平均値よりも大きい。しかしながら、低所得若年者の社会的な上昇移動に対して重要なのは、若年者が住むカウンティが都市部にあるのか、または都市部ではないのかということではなく、そのカウンティが大都市圏の中心地からのどのくらい距離があるかであると考えられる。この仮説を検証したところ、距離は上昇移動の有意な予測因子であるという結論、すなわち都市カウンティの中心から遠く離れていることと、社会的により高い地位に上昇移動することの関連性を、この仮説が支持することがわかった。さらに、上昇移動と関連性が有るその他の要因は、都市カウンティと非都市カウンティとで異なることもわかった。母子世帯の割合および所得格差と社会上昇は負の関連性があるが、それは都市カウンティの方が非都市カウンティよりも小さい。一方で、ハイスクール中退者の割合と上昇移動との負の関連性は、都市部の方が非都市部の地域よりはるかに大きく、このことから都市部では学校のシステムの質がより重要であることが示唆される。これとは対照的に、非都市カウンティでは、都市カウンティと比較して、より良好な空間的ジョブマッチングおよびソーシャル・キャピタルと上昇移動とが正の相関関係にあり、特定の地域の実情に応じた農村部の政策は、農村地域における上昇移動を増加させるのにより適していることが示唆される。

Suggested Citation

  • Bruce Weber & J. Matthew Fannin & Kathleen Miller & Stephan Goetz, 2018. "Intergenerational mobility of low‐income youth in metropolitan and non‐metropolitan America: A spatial analysis," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 10(2), pages 87-101, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:10:y:2018:i:2:p:87-101
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12122
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Virág Ilyés & István Boza & László Lőrincz & Rikard H Eriksson, 2023. "How to enter high-opportunity places? The role of social contacts for residential mobility," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 23(2), pages 371-395.

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