IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/revpol/v40y2023i5p811-839.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Global indicators and AI policy: Metrics, policy scripts, and narratives

Author

Listed:
  • Tero Erkkilä

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a global policy issue that is actively governed by international actors producing governance indicators. This article argues that despite the arguments about disruptions to governance and policy due to AI, the global rankings increasingly constitute a strong path dependence on AI policy, leading to conformity with existing policies and institutional practices of economic competitiveness. By analyzing the composition and data sources of global indices in competitiveness, innovation, human capital, and artificial intelligence, I will show how the global rankings now evolve by sharing data and concepts. Consequently, these metrics and related policy scripts promote the seeming continuity of current activities of global competitiveness. AI is discussed as a “revolution” but framed as a matter of “competitiveness,” “openness,” and “talent competition,” implying standard perceptions of economic competitiveness and innovation. There is also a narrative element in the policy script, as the future policies on AI are promoted with references to history that also project the past into the future. My article concludes that while path‐dependent policy indicators and related future narratives give a sense of orientation, they are problematic as they portray a seeming continuity of activities in times of disruptions, delimiting policy alternatives such as AI ethics. 人工智能(AI)已成为一个全球政策问题,由制定治理指标的国际行动者进行积极治理。本文论证认为,尽管存在关于“人工智能对治理和政策造成破坏”的争论,但全球排名越来越对人工智能政策构成强烈的路径依赖,从而导致遵从现有政策和经济竞争力的制度实践。通过分析有关竞争力、创新、人力资本和人工智能的全球指数的构成和数据来源,我将展示全球排名目前如何通过共享数据和概念而发生演变。因此,这些指标和相关政策规范(policy scripts)促进了当前全球竞争力活动的表面连续性。人工智能被讨论为一场“革命”,但被界定为一个关于“竞争力”、“开放”和“人才竞争”的事务,这暗示着对经济竞争力和创新的标准认知。政策规范中也存在一个叙事要素,因为未来的人工智能政策是通过参考历史来推广的,这些历史也将过去投射到未来。本文的结论认为,依赖于路径的政策指标和相关的未来叙事尽管提供了一种方向感,但它们是存在问题的,因为其在颠覆性时代描绘了一种将不同活动相连接的表面连续性,同时界定了一系列政策替代选项,例如人工智能伦理。 La inteligencia artificial (IA) se ha convertido en un tema de política global que está activamente gobernado por actores internacionales que producen indicadores de gobernanza. Este artículo argumenta que a pesar de los argumentos sobre las interrupciones en la gobernanza y las políticas debido a la IA, las clasificaciones globales constituyen cada vez más una fuerte dependencia del camino para la política de IA, lo que lleva a la conformidad con las políticas y prácticas institucionales existentes de competitividad económica. Al analizar la composición y las fuentes de datos de los índices globales de competitividad, innovación, capital humano e inteligencia artificial, mostraré cómo evolucionan ahora las clasificaciones globales al compartir datos y conceptos. En consecuencia, estas métricas y guiones de política relacionados promueven la aparente continuidad de las actividades actuales de competitividad global. La IA se analiza como una “revolución”, pero se enmarca como una cuestión de “competitividad”, “apertura” y “competencia de talentos”, lo que implica percepciones estándar de competitividad económica e innovación. También hay un elemento narrativo en el guion de la política, ya que las futuras políticas sobre IA se promueven con referencias a la historia que también proyectan el pasado hacia el futuro. Mi artículo concluye que, si bien los indicadores de políticas dependientes de la ruta y las narrativas futuras relacionadas brindan un sentido de orientación, son problemáticos ya que representan una aparente continuidad de actividades en tiempos de interrupciones, lo que delimita alternativas de políticas como la ética de la IA.

Suggested Citation

  • Tero Erkkilä, 2023. "Global indicators and AI policy: Metrics, policy scripts, and narratives," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 40(5), pages 811-839, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:40:y:2023:i:5:p:811-839
    DOI: 10.1111/ropr.12556
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/ropr.12556
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/ropr.12556?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Michael Porter, 2003. "The Economic Performance of Regions," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(6-7), pages 549-578.
    2. Sartori, Giovanni, 1970. "Concept Misformation in Comparative Politics," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 64(4), pages 1033-1053, December.
    3. Haas, Peter M., 1992. "Introduction: epistemic communities and international policy coordination," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 46(1), pages 1-35, January.
    4. Christian Ketels, 2006. "Michael Porter’s Competitiveness Framework—Recent Learnings and New Research Priorities," Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, Springer, vol. 6(2), pages 115-136, June.
    5. M. Pidd, 2005. "Perversity in public service performance measurement," International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 54(5/6), pages 482-493, July.
    6. Judith G. Kelley & Beth A. Simmons, 2015. "Politics by Number: Indicators as Social Pressure in International Relations," American Journal of Political Science, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 59(1), pages 55-70, January.
    7. Robles Carrillo, Margarita, 2020. "Artificial intelligence: From ethics to law," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 44(6).
    8. Karl Aiginger & Dani Rodrik, 2020. "Rebirth of Industrial Policy and an Agenda for the Twenty-First Century," Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, Springer, vol. 20(2), pages 189-207, June.
    9. Carl Gahnberg, 2021. "What rules? Framing the governance of artificial agency [The wrong kind of AI? Artificial intelligence and the future of labour demand]," Policy and Society, Darryl S. Jarvis and M. Ramesh, vol. 40(2), pages 194-210.
    10. Feijóo, Claudio & Kwon, Youngsun & Bauer, Johannes M. & Bohlin, Erik & Howell, Bronwyn & Jain, Rekha & Potgieter, Petrus & Vu, Khuong & Whalley, Jason & Xia, Jun, 2020. "Harnessing artificial intelligence (AI) to increase wellbeing for all: The case for a new technology diplomacy," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 44(6).
    11. Araz Taeihagh, 2021. "Governance of artificial intelligence [Application of artificial intelligence for development of intelligent transport system in smart cities]," Policy and Society, Darryl S. Jarvis and M. Ramesh, vol. 40(2), pages 137-157.
    12. Robson, Keith, 1992. "Accounting numbers as "inscription": Action at a distance and the development of accounting," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 17(7), pages 685-708, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Inga Ulnicane & Tero Erkkilä, 2023. "Politics and policy of Artificial Intelligence," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 40(5), pages 612-625, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Marlee Tichenor & Sally E Merry & Sotiria Grek & Justyna Bandola-Gill, 2022. "Global public policy in a quantified world: Sustainable Development Goals as epistemic infrastructures [The ethics of a formula: Calculating a financial-humanitarian price for water]," Policy and Society, Darryl S. Jarvis and M. Ramesh, vol. 41(4), pages 431-444.
    2. Nayef Shaie Alotaibi & Awad Hajran Alshehri, 2023. "Prospers and Obstacles in Using Artificial Intelligence in Saudi Arabia Higher Education Institutions—The Potential of AI-Based Learning Outcomes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-18, July.
    3. Díaz-Chao, Ángel & Sainz-González, Jorge & Torrent-Sellens, Joan, 2016. "The competitiveness of small network-firm: A practical tool," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(5), pages 1769-1774.
    4. Alexander Ebner, 2013. "Cluster policies and entrepreneurial states in East Asia," Chapters, in: Sören Eriksson (ed.), Clusters and Economic Growth in Asia, chapter 1, pages 1-20, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    5. Michener, Gregory, 2015. "Policy Evaluation via Composite Indexes: Qualitative Lessons from International Transparency Policy Indexes," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 184-196.
    6. Gugler Philippe, 2019. "Assessing the competitiveness of locations: A journey through the major theoretical insights," Economics and Business Review, Sciendo, vol. 5(3), pages 16-34, September.
    7. Jing Liu & Mengbo Wang & Xiaoling Kang & Xia Zhang & Xing Chen, 2022. "Seizing the opportunity window of artificial intelligence in China: Towards an innovation policy mix framework for emerging technologies from an evolution perspective," Systems Research and Behavioral Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 39(3), pages 397-414, May.
    8. Claude Paraponaris, 2017. "Plateformes numériques, conception ouverte et emploi," Post-Print halshs-01614430, HAL.
    9. Imre Lengyel, 2011. "Types of competitiveness of Hungarian regions: agglomeration economies and endogenous regional development," ERSA conference papers ersa11p674, European Regional Science Association.
    10. Andrew B. Whitford & Derrick Anderson, 2021. "Governance landscapes for emerging technologies: The case of cryptocurrencies," Regulation & Governance, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 15(4), pages 1053-1070, October.
    11. Barry Eichengreen and Fabio Ghironi., 1997. "European Monetary Unification and International Monetary Cooperation," Center for International and Development Economics Research (CIDER) Working Papers C97-091, University of California at Berkeley.
    12. Grillitsch, Markus & Asheim, Björn & Fünfschilling, Lea & Kelmenson, Sophie & Lowe, Nichola & Lundquist, Karl Johan & Mahmoud, Yahia & Martynovich, Mikhail & Mattson, Pauline & Miörner, Johan & Nilsso, 2023. "Rescaling: An Analytical Lense to Study Economic and Industrial Shifts," Papers in Innovation Studies 2023/11, Lund University, CIRCLE - Centre for Innovation Research.
    13. Suzuki, Tomo, 2003. "The accounting figuration of business statistics as a foundation for the spread of economic ideas," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 28(1), pages 65-95, January.
    14. Rui Baptista & Joana Mendonça, 2010. "Proximity to knowledge sources and the location of knowledge-based start-ups," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 45(1), pages 5-29, August.
    15. Jeanie Bukowski, 2017. "A “new water culture†on the Iberian Peninsula? Evaluating epistemic community impact on water resources management policy," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 35(2), pages 239-264, March.
    16. David Doloreux & David Rangdrol & Émilie Dionne, 2010. "Francophone Minority Economic Development in Canada: Addressing Political or Economic Issues?," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 24(2), pages 143-153, May.
    17. Ronald V Kalafsky & William Graves, 2023. "Global connections from the second-tier: The trade performance of smaller southern US cities," Local Economy, London South Bank University, vol. 38(5), pages 443-459, August.
    18. Mateos-Garcia, Juan & Steinmueller, W. Edward, 2008. "The institutions of open source software: Examining the Debian community," Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 20(4), pages 333-344, December.
    19. Catherine Long, 2017. "Delegated Service Authority: Institutional Evolution of PEPFAR Health-Based Program Implementing Units in Tanzania," Global Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 8(3), pages 303-312, September.
    20. Xinyu Zhang & Yue Liao, 2023. "A Bibliometric and Visual Analysis of Populism Research (2000–2020)," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(4), pages 21582440231, December.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:40:y:2023:i:5:p:811-839. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/ipsonea.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.