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Natural laboratories in emerging countries and comparative advantages in science: Evidence from Chile

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  • José Miguel Aguilera
  • Felipe Larraín

Abstract

Entering the knowledge society and mobilizing science and technology are critical for emerging countries (ECs) to address important challenges of society and promote long‐term economic growth. Natural laboratories (NLs) are geographical or geophysical singularities that provide comparative advantages and leverage to ECs for scientific research and international collaboration. Based on empirical evidence and learning experiences from five NLs in Chile, we propose the foundations of a conceptual framework for public scientific policies based on NLs and their possible implementation in ECs. Scientific research in NLs may address local, national, and global societal challenges while decentralizing scientific activities, encouraging transdisciplinary research in territories, anticipating the effects of climate change, and protecting biodiversity while promoting international partnerships and alignment with 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. 进入知识社会和动员科学与技术（S&T），对新兴国家（ECs）应对重要社会挑战和推动长期经济增长而言至关重要。自然实验室（NLs）是一系列为新兴国家提供比较优势进行科学研究及国际协作的地理位置或地球物理位置。基于从智利的5个自然实验室得出的实证证据和学习经验，我们提出一项概念框架的基本组成部分，这一概念框架聚焦于有关自然实验室及其在新兴国家中的执行方案的公共科学政策。在自然实验室进行的科学研究可能在应对地方、国家及全球社会挑战的同时对科学活动进行去中心化，鼓励跨学科研究，预期气候变化的效果和保护生物多样性，以及推动与2030年可持续发展目标相一致的国际合作伙伴关系。 Entrar en la sociedad del conocimiento y movilizar la ciencia y la tecnología (CyT) son fundamentales para que los países emergentes (PE) aborden importantes desafíos de la sociedad y promuevan el crecimiento económico a largo plazo. Los laboratorios naturales (LN) son singularidades geográficas o geofísicas que brindan ventajas comparativas y apalancamiento a los (PE) para la investigación científica y la colaboración internacional. Con base en la evidencia empírica y las experiencias de aprendizaje de cinco (LN) en Chile, proponemos las bases de un marco conceptual para las políticas científicas públicas basadas en (LN) y su posible implementación en las PE. La investigación científica en los PE puede abordar los desafíos sociales locales, nacionales y globales al tiempo que descentraliza las actividades científicas, fomenta la investigación transdisciplinaria en los territorios, anticipa los efectos del cambio climático y protege la biodiversidad, al tiempo que promueve las asociaciones internacionales y la alineación con los ODS de 2030.

Suggested Citation

  • José Miguel Aguilera & Felipe Larraín, 2021. "Natural laboratories in emerging countries and comparative advantages in science: Evidence from Chile," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 38(6), pages 732-753, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:38:y:2021:i:6:p:732-753
    DOI: 10.1111/ropr.12450
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