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Rural–urban migration and income disparity in Tunisia: A decomposition analysis

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  • Mohamed Amara
  • Mohamed Ayadi
  • Hatem Jemmali

Abstract

This paper investigates the main determinants of the welfare gap between rural–urban migrants and non‐migrants (both urban and rural) in Tunisia. The lack of data on the expenditure of migrant and non‐migrant households is overcome by applying the ELL (Elbers, Lanjouw and Lanjouw) methodology. The decomposition results show a positive welfare gains from rural‐to‐urban migration, especially among the younger generation born after the failure of the collectivism experiment in 1961. The education level of the household's head and the household's size appear as the main sources of the welfare gap. The unconditional quantile regression decomposition shows that the endowment effect contributes more to the welfare gap than the discrimination effect at the bottom part of the welfare distribution. Este artículo investiga los principales determinantes de la disparidad de bienestar en Túnez entre las personas que migran del campo a la ciudad y las no migrantes (tanto urbanas como rurales). La falta de datos sobre el gasto de los hogares de migrantes y no migrantes se subsana mediante la aplicación de la metodología ELL (Elbers, Lanjouw y Lanjouw). Los resultados de la descomposición muestran un aumento positivo del bienestar en los migrantes del campo a la ciudad, especialmente entre la generación más joven nacida tras el fracaso de la experiencia colectivista de 1961. El nivel de educación de la persona cabeza de familia y el tamaño del hogar aparecen como las principales fuentes de la disparidad de bienestar. La descomposición incondicional de la regresión cuantílica muestra que el efecto de la dotación contribuye más a la disparidad del bienestar que el efecto de la discriminación en la parte inferior de la distribución del bienestar. 本稿では、チュニジアの農村部から都市部への移住者と (農村部と都市部の両方の)非移住者の間の福祉の格差の主な決定因子を検討する。移住者および非移住者の家計支出データが利用できない代わりに、ELL (Elbers, Lanjouw and Lanjouw)の方法を採用することで対処する。分析結果から、農村部から都市部への移住により福祉の恩恵を得られるのは、特に1961年の集産主義の実験の失敗後に生まれた若い世代であることが示された。世帯主の教育レベルと世帯のサイズが、福祉の格差の主な原因と考えられる。無条件分位点回帰分析から、福祉の分配の根底では、授かり効果は識別効果よりも福祉の格差に大きく寄与しているということが示される。

Suggested Citation

  • Mohamed Amara & Mohamed Ayadi & Hatem Jemmali, 2019. "Rural–urban migration and income disparity in Tunisia: A decomposition analysis," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 98(2), pages 1053-1083, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:presci:v:98:y:2019:i:2:p:1053-1083
    DOI: 10.1111/pirs.12389
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    1. Ping Zhang & Weiwei Li & Kaixu Zhao & Sidong Zhao, 2021. "Spatial Pattern and Driving Mechanism of Urban–Rural Income Gap in Gansu Province of China," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-29, September.

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